Industrial Economic Research Paper

Qustion1 Identify and explain the market structure in which the company is operating Pos Malaysia Market structure * Monopoly firm Introduction (Pos Malaysia) Pos Malaysia Berhad is Malaysia’s premier physical communications provider. Pos Malaysia also has a widespread network of 701 post offices all over the country, in addition to its network of mini post offices, mobile post offices, postal agents and stamp agents, making it one of the most extensive retail networks in Malaysia.Pos Malaysia’s Strategic Business Units that aim to provide quality, reliable, timely and innovative solutions to its customers, are made up of PosMel (mail and postal services), PosLaju (courier and express mail services), and PosNiaga (retail business services). Pos Malaysia also acts as a counter collection and payment agency for a range of financial transactions, such as bill payments, remittance, insurance and unit trusts. Pos Malaysia consists of 3 Main Core Business Units: Pos Mel ,Pos Laju and Pos Niaga. Poslaju or EMS service caters to all segments of the business community and the general public.There are 37 Poslaju Centres nationwide offer all types of courier services. Besides Mail and Express servicer. Poslaju or EMS service caters to all segments of the business community and the general public. Type of courier services Inbound Logistics * Customs Clearance, Import permit documentation, Transportation, Warehousing, Distribution channel/break bulk, Proof of delivery, Track and trace. Outbound Logistics * Customs clearance ,Export documentation ,Transportations ,Warehousing ,Distribution channel/break bulk ,Proof of delivery ,Track and trace Monopoly market structure (Pos Malaysia)Government protection Pos Malaysia Berhad is a Malaysian postal service company that was privatized in 1992 from a government department into a business corporation. Government also protects and helps pos Malaysia if that firm has shortage cost and losses. was attributed to the pos Malaysia is the first company established to provide these services and the company has long operated, known by society and high cost in the provision of post Malaysia. Society loyalty The society in Malaysia has known about brand of pos Malaysia and the society also has familiar to uses pos Malaysia as services of mail.The public will be more confident in such a service as Pos Malaysia is an agency under the ministry and the government is indirectly involved in ensuring the security of the items kept here. Maximize profit A monopoly market exists when there is huge number of buyers but small or very limited number of sellers in the market. Monopoly is the only supplier of a product for which there is no close substitute. In monopoly market, the firm has get a maximize profit, if the manager has have good skill and knowledge to manages that company.For example, pos Malaysia have a good manages, and that means this company can get a height profit. In monopoly market, pos Malaysia can set its own price and the prices chosen affects the quantity it sells. Pos Malaysia is the only licensed mail services provider in Malaysia and is the leader in the Malaysia Courier Services. Pos Malaysia posted a net profit of RM 61 million for the nine months ended September 2004 – an increase of more than 40 per cent from the corresponding period in the previous year.It is projected to earn a net profit of close to RM100 million this year based on existing postal rates. Power of set prices In monopoly market, pos Malaysia can put the price of the service with a high rate to the profit of the community to obtain greater. This can be carried out in the market as pos Malaysia is the only domestic postal mail offered in Malaysia Advantages in monopoly Stability of prices * In a monopoly market the prices are most of the times stable. This happens because there is only one firm involved in the market that sets the prices if and when it feels like.In other types of market struc tures prices are not stable and tend to be elastic as a result of the competition that exists but this isn’t the case in a monopoly market as there is little or no competition at all. Source of revenue for the government * The government gets revenue in form of taxation from monopoly firms. Massive profits * Due to the absence of competitors which leads to high number of sales monopoly firms tend to receive super profits from their operations.The massive profits realized may be used in such things as launching other products, carrying out research and development among many other things that may be beneficial to the firm. Question 2 Comment if there are barriers to entry Definition Barriers to entry are designed to block potential entrants from entering a market profitably. They seek to protect the monopoly power of existing (incumbent) firms in an industry and therefore maintain supernormal (monopoly) profits in the long run.Barriers to entry have the effect of making a mark et less contestable. Defined an entry barrier as â€Å"A cost of producing (at some or every rate of output) which must be borne by a firm which seeks to enter an industry but is not borne by firms already in the industry. Barriers to entry in( pos Malaysia). In pos Malaysia, there are barriers to entry. Among them are: Advertising and marketing * Developing consumer loyalty by establishing branded products can make successful entry into the market by new firms much more expensive. Cost Advantages Lower Costs; through experience of Being in the market for missing time, allows the existing postal company Malaysia’s to cut price and win price wars if another firm enter the market. Absolute cost advantages * Allows an incumbent firm to earn excess profits without feat of new firm entering the market. for example in the market, pos Malaysia price of the service is able to offer a cheaper service player medals RM7 per unit, but other companies likes DHL and FedEx only able to off er prices as low as RM 12 mail service. so its pos Malaysia cans set PRICES at rm10.Which is are more chipper, than the more customer use pos Malaysia services and also get a highest profit. Government Restrictions * Government is the source of barriers to entry that are created by patents and copyrights. But these are not the only barriers to entry enabled by government. Government is, after all, the entity that establishes the rules of the game. Governments frequently erect barriers to entry by legally limiting the number of participants in a market. Legal restrictions for public utilities are usually designed to make the most effective use of natural monopoly markets that can create serious inefficiency problems.Other legal restrictions, such as licenses or charters, are generally intended to pursue other goals, but create barriers to entry nonetheless. For example, pos mel only provided by pos Malaysia. Although there are big rivals like FedEx and DHL outside, but pos Malaysia o ffer cheaper prices. First mover advantages * The first firm to enter incurs lower marketing costs because it faces no rivals. Later firm face higher marketing costs because they must compete against the first firm. If the presence of the incumbent raises the marketing costs of the second firm to enter, then the first firm has permanent advantages and can maintain high prices

Lushoto

Lushoto Helen Kejo Form 1 m 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS TAFORI—————————-pg 3-5 Sakarani Vine yard——————-pg 6 Irente Biodiversity Reserve—————pg 7-8 Irente Biodiversity Reserve’s History—– pg 9-10 Irente children’s home——— pg 11-12 Irente School for the blind——– pg 13-14 Hiking Mount Usambara—– pg 15-19 The experience——- pg 20 In town—– 21-23 Soni falls——–24-25 TAFORI Lushoto Silviculture Research Centre (LSRC)The Centre is in Lushoto District, Tanga Region. It carries out forestry research in four departments namely; Forest Plantation Management and Agro forestry, Forest Ecology, Forest Genetics and Forest Protection. Forest Plantation Management and Agro forestry is responsible for conducting research related to plantat ion forestry and agro forestry. Forest Ecology mainly deals with research in Botany, Herbarium and Natural Forests. The forest Forest Genetics has two sections namely: Seed and Nursery and Tree Breeding.Seed and Nursery section is responsible for seed establishment of trials (species and provenances selection), collection, extraction, storage, and distribution and rising of seedlings while Tree Breeding is responsible for trials maintenance, data collection and evaluation of trials. Forest protection deals with research and consultancies on Entomology, Pathology and Fire Protection. Left: A forest in Lushoto. Right: Tree breeding. The Centre also has established a Desktop publishing unit with the objective of providing services related to typesetting, printing, and binding of documents.The unit provides services to TAFORI itself, Government institutions and other private institutions including individuals. TAFORI’S HISTORY TAFORI- Tanzania Forest Institute. TAFORI started by the Germans in 1902. A number of experimental plots established at that time can be seen today. In 1928, the British renamed the Amani Research Station to the East African Agricultural Research Station. In 1948 the Amani station was moved to Muguga – Kenya, to form the East African Agricultural and Forestry Research Organization (EAAFRO).The organization catered for research activities common to the three partner states. Research problems unique to the individual countries were attended to a national basis. This led to the establishment of the Silvicultural Research Station in Lushoto in 1951 and the Timber Utilization Research Station in Moshi at the same time. Following the collapse of the East African Community in February 1977, an immediate need to fill the vacuum became the apparent, as the two stations established in the early 1950’s were not well placed to act in EEAFRO’s stand. Sakarani VineyardTropical vineyard This one-acre vineyard is part of the St. Benedict's Religious House Sakarani near Soni in the Usambara Mountains in northern Tanzania. It's one of very few tropical vineyards at approximately 5 degrees south. Problems with growing wine grapes in the tropics include too short days and an unfavorable climate overall (too hot). This being in the mountains, at least the heat hurdle is partially overcome. They grow Chenin Blanc, which is the most commonly used white grape in South Africa, as well as a hybrid grape variety for their â€Å"port†.They plant grapes here and later on the grapes are used for wine. They make both sweet and white wine. Irente Biodiversity Reserve Irente Biodiversity Reserve is a nature reserve with a difference. Owned and managed by North-Eastern Diocese of the Lutheran Church in Tanzania, it incorporates both environmental conservation and sustainable organic agriculture. The Usambaras are one of Conservation International’s World Biodiversity Hotspots – that is, they are recogniz ed as an area with exceptional diversity of species.There is a project here to restore this biodiversity by replanting trees, shrubs and climbers native to the Western Usambaras. This in turn will attract more birds, butterflies, reptiles and small mammals. MORE INFORMATION: | Irente Biodiversity Reserve (former Irente Farm) is situated in the western Usambara Mountains, 5 km from Lushoto. It belongs to the north-eastern diocese of the Lutheran church in Tanzania. On the property there is an orphanage (Irente children’s home), a school for the blind (Irente school for the blind), and Rainbow school (a school for mentally retarded and autistic children). The farm is 200 ha with plantations of pines, eucalyptus, wattle and silver oak, interspersed with pastures and plots of maize and beans. There is a dairy herd, which supplies milk to a small-scale cheese, butter and quark production. Goat cheese is also produced. In addition rye bread, an assortment of jams and juices bring a n income. | The farm has a policy of biodiversity restoration that is to replant the rainforest that once existed here. | The climate is mild since the farm lies at 1400 m with a rainfall between 1000 and 1200 mm. The Irente viewpoint with a view over the Maasai Steppe is only 2 km away. | The foods produced at Irente Biodiversity Reserve IRENTE BIODIVERSITY RESERVE’S HISTORY The origin of the name Irente is obscure. Irente was one of the experimental coffee estates established in 1896 by the German colonial government? s plantation company (Deutsche-Ostafrikanische Plantagengeschellschaft). Other estates established in the same year were Gare, Maweni, Sakharani, and Mazumbai. The aim was to test coffee as a crop, but due to soil infertility, coffee as a plantation crop was abandoned by 1914.The Germans lost the colony to the British in 1918, and it was probably after this that Irente coffee estate came into the hands of a Greek farmer, Mr. W. J. Tame. By all accounts Mr Tame was a diligent farmer; he had 60 acres of coffee trees, a bacon factory and a dairy producing cream. With the coming of independence for Tanganyika in 1961 Mr. Tame sold up to the DKMS (Lutheran Church) for ? 25,000. The Lutheran church of Tanganyika converted the bacon factory into the Irente Mental Hospital and these patients worked on the farm in order to produce food in support of the hospital.Over the years different managers developed the farming infrastructure, and milk production started with the introduction of Fresian-type cows. However, farming never really showed a consistent profit, the excuse being drought or too much rain, diseases of crops and cattle, and low prices for produce. In 2004 all foreign assistance to Irente was stopped, but the reserve (as it is now called) had found its niche relying on four pillars †¢ Nature based tourism †¢ Food processing †¢ Biodiversity protection †¢ Farming The cows at Irente Farm; they are used for dairy produc ts.The enterprise has become more profit-oriented and conservation-centred, as it is indeed an income generating enterprise of the North Eastern Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania (Ned ELCT). On the property there are now 3 institutions, Irente School for the Blind, Irente Children? s home, Rainbow school and Irente church. Irente Biodiversity Reserve seeks to integrate conservation, production and rural development by a mix of activities, taking into account the importance of both people and biodiversity. AREA: 200 hectaresHEIGHT: 1450 metres above sea level RAINFALL: 800 to 1280 millimetres (average 1060mm) TEMPERATURES: minimum 10 degrees (July- August) maximum 30 degrees (January-February) Irente Children’s Home Irente Children’s Home (hereafter abbreviated ICH) is an orphanage that has been operating for more than four decades in north eastern Tanzania. The orphanage is run by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania; North-Eastern Diocese ( hereafter abbreviated ELCT-NED). ICH is one among nine institutions with a social service orientation run by the ELCT-NED.The diocese is acknowledged for having a long tradition of diaconic work, both in institutional form and in congregations. The first photo shows where the children live. The last photo shows one of the children. Other institutions with a social service orientation include: Irente School for the Blind, Kwemhafa and Hekalungu homes for Lepers, Bangala Lutheran Junior Seminary, Lwandai Secondary School, Bumbuli Hospital, Lutindi Mental Hospital and Agricultural Training at Irente Farm. Moreover, seven parishes within the diocese are running dispensaries. ICH has the capacity of receiving 35 children.They live in a u-shaped building where they are divided in 4 rooms according to age. Other people living at ICH are girls who attend a 2-year pre-nursing course. The ICH staff consists of nurses, nurse attendants, a cook, a laundry man, gardeners, watchmen, a secretary, an accountant and a driver. Often there are girls from abroad (mostly Germany) who stay at the ICH for around 3 months and work as volunteers. IRENTE SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND When someone comes in contact with a blind person, many thoughts run through their head as to how blind people get their daily lives. You might be wondering, how that can be true.But the answer to that is that through blindness, people have come to the realization that even though physical eyes don't see, one can still see with eyes of his/her heart. When it comes to the challenges and struggles of being blind, there have been many, but one way or another they have been able to overcome them. All through primary school years people assumed that being blind would hinder from getting a good education, much less going to the Universities. | Irente School for the Blind| There is a growing awareness among communities that the education which blind children are receiving is helping them.They are receiving a quality educa tion which can prepare them to compete in the high demanding techno-economy and society of the 21st Century. Children demonstrate their skills North Eastern Diocese- ELCT through Irente School for the Blind insures that blind children have the opportunity to become capable in the alternative techniques coping with blindness; they should develop constructive attitudes, and be given a quality education. Through efforts undertaken there are some problems which we wished to address as follows to compete successfully.Irente School for the Blind needs, Renovation of Dormitories and Staff houses, cultivation of 10 acres out of the 50 for food crops, computers installed with dolphin pin, Academic books and teaching aids, Boys Dormitory and Secondary for inclusive education from class 1 to class 4. Finally, we were all too aware of the appalling failure of the teacher training programs to sufficiently prepare their students to teach blind children; even more important in preparing student te achers to work with blind children in the classroom.However availability of quality field placements for students in training is a truly serious problem but now Sebastian Kolowa University College (SEKUCo) has such training is available. It will not fate these students to go into the classroom and deliver the same miserable educational services that blind children where receiving. HIKING†¦. Mount Usambara The Usambara Mountains are a mountain range in North-East Tanzania, approximately 70 miles (110  km) long and ranging from 20 to 40 miles (64  km) in width.Mountains in the range rise as high as 8,000  ft (2,440 m). They are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, which stretch from Kenya through Tanzania, and are one of the world’s Biodiversity hotspots. The range is accessible from the towns of Lushoto in the West, and Amani in the East. The Usambaras are commonly split into two sub-ranges, the West Usambara and the East Usambara. The East Usambara is closer to the c oast, receives more rainfall, and is significantly smaller than the West Usambara.The Usambaras Geology and ecology The Usambaras are fairly unique in that, being in East Africa, their unspoiled regions are covered in the tropical forest, which today remains mainly in the West of the continent. The mountain range was formed nearly two billion years ago and due to a lack of glaciations and a relatively consistent climate, the rainforest has gone through a long term and unique evolution resulting in an impressive amount of endemism and an old growth cloud rain forest (Lovett 1993[1]).West and East Usambaras are large ranges of Precambrian metamorphic geologic formations of acid-gneisses, pyroxenes and amphiboles. These mountains were formed by faulting and uplifting creating the drainage system of troughs that form many watersheds, which provide water to a majority of the population of northeast Tanzania (Lundgren 1980). Considered tremendously significant ecologically, there are many protected zones throughout the range, which are being expanded and contributed to by the Tanzanian government, associated NGO's and research teams, and donor countries such as Norway.Several species are endemic to the Usambara forests, including the Usambara Eagle-owl, the Usambara Akalat, the Usambara Weaver and the tree Calodendrum eickii. Human history Historically the Usambara Mountains have been inhabited by the Bantu, Sambaa, and Maasai people who were a mix of agriculturalists and pastoralists. In the late 18th century, German colonialists came to the area bringing with them a mix of cash crops like lumber trees, coffee, tea, and quinine, and also designated forests as reserves for either water conservation or timber use (Rogers 2009).They also brought a slew of new, western ideas which were, in many ways, diametrically opposed to traditional beliefs such as coexistence with the forest versus forest as a â€Å"separate wilderness†. The result of colonialism was a mass ive change in the way forests were perceived in the community, and conversion of traditional agriculture to cultivating cash crops such as quinine, pine trees, bananas, maize, tea, and coffee. The people in Lushoto Development and tourism Today, the population of the Usambaras has one of the highest growth rates (about 4% compared to the national average of 2. %), a staggering amount of poverty and highest densities of people in all of Tanzania. Most of the inhabitants are subsistence farmers who rely heavily on the forests around them for timber, medicinal plants, clearing for agriculture, and fuel wood. Furthermore 70% of the original forests cover of the West and East Usambaras has been lost. Major land and forest degradation remain a pressing issue. However, there are still many places that attract tourists looking for an adventure off the beaten path.These include the bustling trade town of Lushoto, the once popular German resort Amani Nature Reserve and farm, and Mazumbai Univ ersity Forest, which is considered the last example of a pristine forest in the East Usambaras. The experience To say the truth most of were tired on the first few minutes because the hill was steep. I was one of the people in the front but found myself one of the last ones to reach the peak. It was a long walk and very tiring. We stopped like three times to take a rest and we were stopped once by these scary people.They said that they told Fredericka and her other friends but they wouldn’t stop and also something about scaring monkeys off. After the mess was cleared, continued with our walk. We took pictures when we reached our last checkpoint. We finally reached the peak. Some of us engraved our names on the hut’s floor. I wrote: â€Å"Helen was here!!! † The walk down was longer than the walk up, which is not supposed to happen. We walked around the mountain and when we finally reached our destination, we found out that we walked to the football pitch where w e played football a day ago.We were exhausted! Bhoke, Ms. Sandra, Marco and Nancy were the last ones to reach the football pitch. IN TOWN After the hike, we dropped of the boys at the place they were staying (Tumaini) and we girls were dropped off at our hotel (Lawns). We cleaned because we were all so sweaty! Later the bus came with the guys in it and we headed for town. We were going to interview local people about their jobs and what profit they get. Lushoto town When we were in town, we paired ourselves into groups that didn’t exceed three people.I paired myself with Amanda since she talks a lot and she was perfect material for interviewing people†¦ We first interviewed a middle aged woman with a baby who was selling charcoal. She did not look like she was in good state. It was raining and the charcoal was getting wet since it’s not good for charcoal to be wet not any customers wear buying her product. I could see that she had influenza. I asked her how she go t it and she said, â€Å"Mkaa unatimua vumbi tukiwa tunachota. † Meaning: â€Å"Charcoal dust rises when being drawn. †She also told as that she only makes 500 tz shillings in a day, which isn’t enough to support her family. She has five children and no husband. We then proceeded and went to a salon that up a hill. The ladies in there, at first didn’t want to give us information but when we introduced ourselves she felt more secure. I didn’t really feel sorry for her because she made 100,000 tz shillings, which was enough since she had no family to support. After that Amanda, Cynthia, Tracey and I became a group. We went to interview bartenders. They went making any money at all since there has been no customer since they opened.We then went to a bar and met up with four bartenders. We interviewed them and they said that there has not been a customer since morning and they have not made any money. After six interviews we called it a day and went ba ck to our hotels. The lawns hotel SONI FALLS The Soni Falls is a waterfall in the Usambara Mountains of northeastern Tanzania, near the village of Soni, to the northeast of Kitunda. The falls lie at the end of the Mkuzu River where it joins the Bangala River. The falls lie in the southern part of the West Usambaras Lushoto Mountain Reserve.Soni falls is a beautiful and calming place. I enjoyed sitting on the rocks and watching the water pour. Some of the rocks were slippery and at a point Asymwe was stuck because she was scared to move due to the slipperiness of the rocks. We also took pictures here and we even drew the waterfall. It was a pretty way to end the trip but kind of sad because we will never be here again as a class. The boys were dropped off at Tumaini Hostel and we went to Lawns. It was our last day in Lushoto and we partied!!! We ate and drunk and danced and laughed! We had so much fun. BYE -BYE LUSHOTO

Is Flirting the Same as Sexual Harassment

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Cultural Forms and Rituals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Forms and Rituals - Essay Example There are similarities between the Holy Bible and the Odyssey. The two masterpieces use singing to show joy. The two art masterpieces use singing to show praise. The three masterpieces use singing to the community’s unity. First, the Holy Bible and the Odyssey indicate the people use singing to express happiness. Homer (20) emphasizes the Odyssey culture states â€Å"He was singing of the return of the Achaeans, that bitter trip Athena made them take when they sailed home from Troy (Homer).† The verse clearly shows that the singer is happy with return of Achaeans. Just like people of the current 21st century generation, people sing whenever they are happy. In addition, another verse goes â€Å"There’s nothing wrong with this man’s singing of the evil fate of the Danaans, for men praise the most the song which they have heard most recently† (Homer 21). The verse clearly shows that the people use singing as a form of religious worship. The people use singing to add more color or persuasiveness to each religious ritual. In the same manner, the Holy Bible’s (Holman732) Psalm 105:43 states â€Å"So he brought his people out with joy, his chosen ones with singing.† The verse indicates that the people in the community are united. The united people sang for joy. The people gladly joined in the singing activities to prove they have the same intentions as the other members of a group. Second, the Holy Bible and the Odyssey indicate the people use singing to express love. Likewise, another verse indicates â€Å"At that point, the suitors switched to dancing and to singing lovely songs. They amused themselves until dark evening came.†(Homer 24). The verse clearly shows that the suitors are united. The suitors are happy to see the main purpose of their love, the women of their dreams. The girls will surely be enchanted by their suitor’s singing. The Holy Bible’s (Stebbins 254) 1 Samuel 17: 6†¦states â€Å"and it came to pass as they cam, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all the cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet King Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of music.† Third, the Holy Bible and the Odyssey use singing during their worship services. In the Odyssey story, the people will choose which song fits their current religious active ties. In terms of singing, the Holy Bible shows that the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem, Nehemiah 12:27 was filled with â€Å"singing, with cymbals, harps, and lyres. The company of singers gathered together from the circuit around Jerusalem and from the villages of the Netophathifes.† (Hagen 442)The verse clearly shows that people around Jerusalem and from the nearby Netophathifes showed their happiness by singing. The Holy Bible’s Isaiah 52:9 states â€Å"Break forth together into singing, you ruins of Jerusalem; for the Lord has comforted his people.† (Hagen 852). The verse clearly indicates that the people sing because they are in praise mode. Singing increases the level of the praying. Lastly, 1 Chronicles 16:7 indicates â€Å"Then on that day David first appointed the singing of praises to the Lord by A Saph and his kindred.† The Holy Bible’s (Holman 551) 2 Chronicles 20:27-278 states â€Å"Then Hezekiah ordered that the burnt offering be offered on the altar. When the burnt offerings began, the song of the Lord and the trumpets began, accompanied by the instruments of David king of Israel. The whole assembly was worshipping, singing the song, and blowing the trumpets –

(Authors Choice) One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest discussion and Essay

(Authors Choice) One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest discussion and summary - Essay Example It turns out that patients in the asylum have no rights and no life of dignity. The ward in the mental institute, where McMurphy gets to, is run by Nurse Ratched, who is a tyrant with sadistic inclinations. She cows and terrorizes the patients, most of whom have admitted the asylum on their own desire. McMurphy sees that many of the patients are not insane and he revolts against Nurse Ratched and her methods of â€Å"treatment† and â€Å"care†. He wants to teach people to be free and happy. In the course of the film, you see that sanity is a matter on question, while nurse Ratched seems to be more abnormal and socially dangerous then most of the patients do. Besides, you can’t get rid of indignation about the humiliating position that the patients of the mental institute are put into, as well as start doubting as to the appropriateness of many methods of treatment and the verity of some diagnosis set. McMurphy finds close friends in the ward. He treats Billy Bibbit, a patient with suicidal syndrome, permanently humiliated and frightened by nurse Ratched, as his younger brother, who needs his support and guard. â€Å"Chief† Bromden, a huge Native American, considered to be deaf and submitted with schizophrenia, becomes McMurphy’s confidant, after he learns that Chief is not deaf and is quite sane. McMurphy decides to treat patients in his own way. He teaches them to enjoy life, playing cards and basketball with them, and taking them fishing on a boat without permission. Having learnt that many of the patients were submitted to the ward voluntarily, he attempts to show them the prerogatives of the free life outside the hospital. Despotic Nurse Ratched starts putting screws on patients. For the first time, they are severely punished by electro shock (which is to be a way of treatment but not punishment). It is surprising that the rest of the staff doesn’t resist the obviously illegal actions of their chief as if everything that

Is it Cost-Effective to Invest on Simulation Training in order to Dissertation

Is it Cost-Effective to Invest on Simulation Training in order to Improve the Management and Leadership Skills of the Doctors - Dissertation Example ng the doctors’ level of confidence, the provision of simulation programmes is also useful in terms of improving the medical doctors’ competency and patients’ safety. Without the need to practice on patients who are admitted to the hospital, Temple (not known) mentioned that the use of simulation technique will provide each of the doctors the opportunity to review and learn from their own errors and actual performance results. Considering the significance of simulation training programmes over the learning outcomes of the doctors, this study aims whether or not the use of simulation training is cost-effective in terms of improving management and leadership of doctors. To improve the quality of healthcare throughout the United Kingdom, the National Health Service (NHS) is promoting medical leadership and management. In line with this, a literature review will be conducted to examine the attitude of the healthcare institutions and people from the academic world wit h regards to the NHS’ active promotion on healthcare management and medical leadership. In general, the NHS is a publicly funded health care organisation. Therefore, in response to the growing healthcare demands in the United Kingdom, the NHS management team should be made responsible and held accountable when it comes to utilising the most out of its investment fund. In order to examine whether or not it is necessary on the part of the NHS to promote the use of simulation training gadgets for doctors, a literature review will be conducted to determine the importance of teamwork, collaboration, and inter-professionalism in the role and responsibilities of the doctors followed by examining the impact of simulation training on teamwork and doctors’ overall work performance. Eventually, this study will... The scope of this study includes examining the attitude of the healthcare institutions and people from the academic world with regards to the NHS’ active promotion on healthcare management and medical leadership, determining the importance of teamwork, collaboration, and inter-professionalism in the role and responsibilities of the doctors, examining the impact of simulation training on teamwork and doctors’ overall work performance; identify possible future improvements with regards to the use of simulation training devices for doctors, and determining how simulation technologies could affect healthcare management and medical leadership throughout the United Kingdom. Furthermore, this study will also determine whether or not the investment on simulation training is cost-effective in terms of improving management and leadership of doctors. Aside from justifying that not all of the NHS’ investment on training simulation programmes for doctors is effective in terms of improving their knowledge and skills on healthcare management and medical leadership, this study will also provides some suggestions on how the NHS will be able to effectively fulfill its healthcare objectives.

Reason for Arabs immigration to the USA Term Paper

Reason for Arabs immigration to the USA - Term Paper Example mmigration to the US are quite diverse: they come in search of financial welfare, to escape from regional conflicts and suppression and finally to actualize their intellectual potential. The first and the most popular reason for immigration to the US is to find a job and to earn money. In terms of Arabs immigration it should be mentioned that there were 2 major waves of migration to America (Suleiman, 1999). The first wave took place between 1870 and World War II. Most Arabs came from Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine. The economic hardships that people faced in these countries made thousands of Arabs leave their homelands and move to America. There was a major economic crisis in Lebanon due to appearance of the Suez Canal in 1880s. It made Japanese silk more easily available and Lebanese silk industry collapsed. In addition to this, population in Arabic countries increased dramatically, whereas standards of living became worse and worse (Suleiman, 1999). As a result, to avoid unemployment and poverty, people started looking for jobs and better life abroad. As the US was the country of opportunities, most Arabs decided to move there. Another reason why Arabs migrated to America is a need for safety. The second wave of migration of Arabs to the US took place after World War II and it continues till present times. During this wave people came to the States almost from the whole Arabic world, including North Africa. Apart from aforementioned economic reasons, second-wave immigrants had another significant ground to leave their countries and move to America, and that is armed conflicts. Iran-Iraq, Palestine-Israel, Lebanon, Yemen – these were extremely unstable and unsafe regions for living. These regional conflicts and civil wars became a catalyst of the desire to move to America, where there was no war and no suppression. There is one vivid difference between first-wave and second-wave immigrants. Those Arabs, who immigrated to the US before World War II, did

Analyzing Modern Business Environment (Tom Peters) Essay

Analyzing Modern Business Environment (Tom Peters) - Essay Example The paper goes ahead to give suggestions on how to improve the conventional approach to long-range planning. It also explores the possibility of adopting more qualitative methods like scenario prediction in answering the managers' criticism, providing the rationale behind these ideas. The paper specifically analyses the nature of long-range planning and how it affects the operational policies of an organisation. It also appreciates the limitations of adopting the long-range approach to planning. Long-range planning is very important for the future of any organisation. Its principal tasks include understanding of the environment, defining the goals of the organisation, identifying the organisation's options, making and implementing decisions and evaluating actual performance (Collins and Porras, 1994). Long-range planning is therefore aimed at exploiting tomorrow's different and new opportunities. The traditional long-range planning has its basis on the concept of the four essential steps to planning. These steps include monitoring, forecasting, setting of goals and implementation of these goals. Long range planning is meant to help an organisation establish where it is currently, where it is going, where it wants to go, and what it has to do in order to change and head to its desired destination. The cycle of long-range planning starts by the monitoring of an organisation's selected trends. Then the process of forecasting of these trends' expected future follows. This is done by extrapolating past data by use of regression analysis or any such technique. The organisation's desired future is then defined by setting its goals in line with the expected future. The development and implementation of specific actions and policies with regard to long-range planning is aimed at reducing any disparity that may exist between the desired future and the expected future. The final phase is that of monitoring the effect of the policies and actions on the chosen trends. The nature of strategic planning and its impact on operational policies Strategic planning refers to the process of defining an organisation's direction or strategy and deciding on resource allocation in the pursuit of this strategy, including people and capital. A variety of business analysis techniques are utilised in the strategic planning process, such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, STEER and EPISTEL analyses (Bradford and Duncan, 2000). Strategic planning is therefore the process of formally considering the future course of an organisation (Kono, 1994). A typical strategic planning strategy is concerned with a number of issues such as what an organisation should do, for whom it should do it and how it should excel in its endeavours (Porter, 1996). Business strategic planning is mainly concerned with how to beat competition or how to avoid it altogether (Bradford and Duncan, 2000). In a number of organisations, this is seen as a process to determine where an organisation goes in the next three to five years, even though some organisations extend their plan to up to twenty years. For an organisation to determine where it goes, it must exactly know its current position. It is only when it knows its current position that it will be in a position to determine the position it wishes to get to and how to get to it. This then becomes the organisation's strategic plan (Lorenzen, 2006). It gives the general direction of the desired destination for any given organisation. Strategic

Demand, utility, and marginality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Demand, utility, and marginality - Essay Example Cumberland Farms stores are designed to meet the needs of middle-income urban and suburban individuals and families in the Eastern and Midwestern United States. Their main service is convenience, which is how they became a major chain of so-called convenience stores. While variety is necessarily limited by the size and marketing approach of each store,customers generally know what goods are carried and many basic needs can be met easily That convenience includes long hours,multiple locations, easy access to products, minimal checkout waiting time, and similar advantages to workers, retirees, students, commuters, travelers, etc. Their products are often priced below their competition, particularly those carrying the Cumberland Farms brand name. While variety is necessarily limited by the size and marketing approach of each store, customers generally know what goods are carried and many basic needs can be met easily by shopping at Cumberland Farms. The major factors affecting demand fo r Cumberland Farms` products are price;variety; hours and locations of stores; competition from other convenience stores gas stations, and supermarkets; customers ´ experiences dealing with stores; and various advertising and marketing techniques used to promote business. Within some limits, Cumberland Farms can and does respond to increased demand. For example, some products such as eggs and milk are essentially loss leaders and as the prices elsewhere for such items increase, Cumberland Farms raises its stock of these items and offers rain checks so customers can get the special prices later if the store runs out of such specials. Cumberland Farms also has some control over

Obsessive compulsive disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Obsessive compulsive disorder - Research Paper Example DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria The following four criteria are useful to define obsession in the the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000): †¢Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images are experienced at some time during the disturbance as intrusive and inappropriate and cause marked anxiety and distress. Persons with this disorder recognize the pathologic quality of these unwanted thoughts (such as fears of hurting their children) and would not act on them, but the thoughts are very disturbing and difficult to discuss with others. †¢The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems. †¢The person attempts to suppress or ignore such thoughts, impulses, or images or to neutralize them with some other thought or action. †¢The person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind (not imposed from without, as in thought insertion). The following 2 criteria are used to define compu lsions in DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000): †¢An individual performs repetitive behaviors (eg, hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (eg, praying, counting, repeating words silently) in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. The behaviors are not a result of the direct physiologic effects of a substance or a general medical condition. †¢The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation. However, these behaviors or mental acts either are not connected in a way that could realistically neutralize or prevent whatever they are meant to address or they are clearly excessive. Clinical presentation The diagnosis of OCD is mainly done based on clinical history and presentation. It is important to establish the age off onset of the condition. Also, any history of tics must be noted. Common obsessions include safety, contamination, doubting of perception or memory, need for sy mmetry or order, scrupulosity and unwanted sexual thoughts. Common compulsions include checking, hand washing, cleaning, counting, touching objects and arranging objects. In many cases comorbid conditions like eating disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, impulsive disorders and ADHD can be present. It is important to identify these conditions and also include them in treatment. OCD is frequently associated with Tourette disorder and this condition must be identified and ruled out. Other problems associated with OCD include loss of interpersonal relationships and loss of functioning of the individual (Greenberg, 2011). Etiology The exact cause of OCD is not yet understood. However, there is some evidence that abnormalities in the serotonin neuro-transmission can occur. Other abnormalities include defective dopaminergic transmission and defective glutamatergic abnormalities. Some researchers are of the opinion that an increase in metabolic activity and blood flo w in certain regions of brain like thalamus, limbic structures, caudate and orbitofrontal cortex. Thus, OCD symptoms mainly occur due to impairment in the inhibition of specific orbitofrontal-subcortical circuitry that are involved in the regulation of autonomic responses and strong emotions. there is a strong heritability for OCD and this is based on various twin studies. Genes related to dopaminergic, serotonergic and

Intellectual Property Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intellectual Property Law - Research Paper Example Intellectual Property Law In Two Pesos, the trade dress in contention was the â€Å"look and feel† that Taco Cabana, a successful chain of Mexican restaurants, had established over the years and which was allegedly copied by Two Pesos, a Mexican restaurant chain owned by a person who once approached the owners of Taco Cabana offering to take the restaurant’s concept nationwide, but was rejected. The â€Å"look and feel† allegedly copied includes the 24-hour patio cafà © concept, building and other features architecture, open kitchens and menu boards, among others. Taco Cabana brought an action for trade dress infringement and was granted relief by the trial court, a decision upheld by the Court of Appeals. On appeal, the SC harmonize the requirements between registered and unregistered marks stating that the requirements for the registrability of trademarks are also the same requirements in determining whether unregistered marks are entitled to protection. More significantly, the SC ruled that acquisition of secondary meaning of a trade dress is not necessary in cases where the trade dress is inherently distinctive. Accordingly, the Court ruled that it is inappropriate to impose upon inherently distinctive trade dress the requirement of secondary meaning on the following grounds: there is no rationale for enforcing additional requirements on trade dress because protection for both trademark and trade dress under the Lanham Act serves the same purpose of preventing both unfair competition and fraudulence.; the provision on trade dress in the Lanham Act, viz. s 43(a), does not justify a departure from traditional and established trademark test, and; imposing upon a trade dress the additi onal requirement of secondary meaning even if the trade dress is found to be inherently distinctive is contrary to the underlying objective of the Lanham Law which is the protection of both consumers and trademark holders. In Qualitex, the trade dress in issue was the green-gold color, which was plaintiff Qualitex’s color of its dry cleaning pads, a product it had been selling for more than thirty years. The defendant company began manufacturing and selling dry cleaning pads with the same color as that of Qualitex, a move that prompted the latter to bring an action for unfair competition against Jacobson before the courts and subsequently added trademark infringement after it successfully registered its dry pad color with the Patent and Trademark Office during the pendency of the case. The trial court decided in favor of Qualitex; the Court of Appeal reversed that decision on the ground that color per se is not registrable as trademark. This decision was not upheld by the SC on the ground that trademark is a broad term that comprises anything capable of giving meaning, according to the s 1127 of the USC Code, such as color. Section 45 of the Lanham Act requires the elements of ability to identify and distinctiveness as to the source of goods as requirements to registrability. Although color is not inherently distinctive, the SC asserted that it could acquire secondary meaning from frequent use over a long period of time that such color could represent, in the public mind, the identity

Nutrition Final Paper Essay Example for Free

Nutrition Final Paper Essay Question 1 (3 pts): Clients will often approach the RD, bewildered as to how to select, plan, and prepare a healthy diet for themselves or their families. Using yourself as an example, discuss the six basic principles of diet planning and how they apply to your dietary intake. Answer 1: Preparing and eating health meals for me and my family can be difficult with our busy schedule, but it starts with a plan. Using the 6 principles of diet planning I start with adequacy. I accomplish this by writing out a grocery list of all the things my family will need for the week. I also shop weekly because we prefer fresh fruit and vegetables. Next, I make sure we have an even balance of foods. I write out meal plans for the week to make sure my family has an even items of food and also a variety of foods. This can be very challenging with young picky kids, because my son would just eat fruit and oatmeal all day long if I let him. Variety is really hard in the Parker home because of the limited food choices do to my husband intolerance to red meats and dairy products. I also struggle because my favorite food list consists of about 10 different kinds of foods. We dont really have problems with the nutrient density because we only eat lean proteins such as fish, turkey, and chicken. My husband cannot tolerate fatty food so we dont fry, and we enjoy a fixed variety of fruits and vegetables. I do not pay attention to calorie content unless it is a prepackaged food you heat up or add water to, but I do make sure what Im putting into my families bodies is enough to keep them going for the day. Moderation is the last of the principles and a big one in my house. When cooking we do not add extra salt for taste nor do we consume foods with high trans fat, saturated fat,or cholesterol. Water is also the most consumed beverage. Soda has no home in my pantry, but we do elect for juices that are not made from concentrate. Question 2 (2 pts): Discuss the key recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 and differentiate these guidelines from the Canadian Guidelines for Healthy Eating. Do you have a preference as to which one you would use with clients? Answer 2: The dietary guidelines for Americans in 2010 have 4 main points. Starting with balancing calories to manage weight. With in this section it talks about how to maintain calorie control,intake,and balance. Also, is talks about physical activity and keeping active to maintain a healthy weight. In the Canadian guidelines it has in own section for keeping active and doing it in accordance to your body weight, but it really doesnt touch on calorie balance or intake. Next, the American guidelines touches on foods to reduce from your diet. Focuses limiting sodium, saturated, mono and poly saturated,cholesterol ,trans fats,added sugars,refined grains,and alcohol. Whereas Canadian guidelines really just focus a lot on salt intake, alcohol, and caffeine. Next American guidelines talks about food to increase. Included in this list is fruits, vegetables, fat free dairy, lean proteins, seafood, and foods that have more vitamins within them. The Canadian guidelines emphasis consuming a variety of complex carbs and foods from the earth. Also, incorporating low fat dairy products as part of a daly routine. Although, both will guide the average person to a healthier lifestyle I would refer my clients to the American guidelines because it goes in to more depth of how to live healthier. Question 3 (3 pts): MyPyramid is a popular graphic source for nutrition information. In fact, it is so popular that it has been duplicated as a graphic for exercise information, vegetarian diets, etc. Given its popularity, it would appear that MyPyramid is the best pictorial to teach consumers nutritional information. Would you agree or disagree? Why? After you have stated your own personal argument, consider the other perspective and discuss why someone would take this perspective. Answer 3: I believe MyPyramid is a great way to teach consumers nutritional information, but I disagree thats it is the best way. The people who need these guidelines the most are most likely ones who do not take the time to get on the Internet and use the tools that MyPyramid has to offer. I dont think it properly educates people on the right food choices in each group. Education on nutrient density is a lacking component when using MyPyramid. I also believe that the MyPyramid is lacking in teaching balance of healthy foods. It seems like they stress certain foods more than others and thus creating unhealthy habits for individuals not properly understanding their nutrition needs. Question 4 (3 pts) : Food manufacturing and technology continue to grow in sophistication. While one can certainly debate about the pros and cons of such growth, there is no doubt that consumers are often confused about the different labels given to the different types of processed foods! (a) In a few sentences, describe each of the following: fortified, refined, enriched, whole grain, and textured vegetable protein. (b) What are your thoughts on how these types of foods fit into the diet of the American consumer? Question 4 a) Refined foods are highly processed that have been stripped of their original nutrient content such as white flour and white pasta. Enriched foods add vitamins and minerals to replace the ones lost in the refining process. Fortified foods add vitamins and nutrients in addition to the ones found before the refining process. Question 5 (3 pts): To fully gain command of their dietary intake, consumers should know how to read food labels. Many find reading food labels very confusing. Why do you personally believe that consumers find food labels hard to read? Describe how you, if you were an RD, would educate your client on reading a food label. What do you think would be your priority point of education for your client? Question 6 (5 pts): As noted in your readings, describing a vegetarian diet is somewhat like describing a typical American diet; there are many varieties. Please describe the types of vegetarian diets one might come into contact with and provide a short synopsis on the food plan that would be followed. Question 7 (3 pts): Discuss the rationale why consumers/clients select to pursue a vegetarian dietary plan as well as the health benefits of following a vegetarian diet. Question 8 (3 pts): Discuss nutrients that an RD should be careful to assess for and discuss with a client pursuing a vegetarian program to ensure that their dietary plan allows for sufficient quantities of that nutrient.

Independent Learning For Nursing Nursing Essay

Independent Learning For Nursing Nursing Essay Reflection is a way to look back on what a person experienced on a certain event. The purpose of this reflective essay is for me to mull over on what I have learned from my direct experience on placement. I opt to utilise on this reflective essay A Model of Structured Reflection by Driscoll (2007). This Model has three questions, what, so what and now what for me to answer and at the same time to ponder about my practice experience; hence I chose to take advantage on Driscolls model as it is very handy to apply even with or without a paper and pen, as all I need to bring to mind is the above aforementioned three questions. I will tackle what I think it matters to me most from my two weeks practice placement, share some learning needs from the learning plan and analysing whether I gained knowledge and understanding that can be applied in a new situation (Howatson-Jones, 2010). I was in the ward on my two weeks introductory period of practice experience. On my first day, the Ward Manager introduced me to her team. She had told me that my mentor was not around at that time; hence she handed me over to one of the nurses in-charge. As I came on an early shift, I have observed the patients hand over from night staff (Wywialowski, 2003). They printed out a handover sheet for each one of us. At first, I was a bit muddled up on how the night nurse was endorsing the patient, maybe because I am new, and not use to it. There are acronyms that they usually use, and I was telling myself that I have to familiarise the medical terms used so I could understand and comprehend, even I am supernumerary I want to be part of the team whilst learning (Jelphs and Dickinson, 2008). After the handover, the nurse asked me to be with the Health Care Assistant (HCA) at the moment, for me to be acquainted with the patients and adapt with the daily routine. I am fortunate that the HCA was helpful, and she taught me a lot about how to assist patient on personal hygiene. She showed me how to use the Blood Glucose monitor and plot it down on patients chart (The Global Diabetes Community, 2013). In addition, she taught me that they usually take the observation every four hourly if the patient is not on close observation. The days have gone by so quick; I was productive on my day to day experience as a student nurse. I never wasted my time just standing there without accomplishing anything at the end of my shift. With my passion of caring to patients, I become accustomed on dealing with the patient, assisted to go to the toilet, gave a hand to those who are not able to care for themselves, especially the immobilised patients. I became certain on writing down the nursing care plan of a patient (Lloyd, 2010), observed the Nasogastric tube (NGT) (Macmillan Cancer Support, 2013) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) procedures done by the staff nurse and HCA respectively (British H eart Foundation, 2013). I volunteered myself as well to get the take away medication of the patient in the Pharmacy. Furthermore, I have learned how to fill up the Nursing Assessment forms for a new patient admitted; I have done the said forms by means of communicating with the patient and family. I have mentioned the word communicating as there was a non-spoken English patient admitted because of back pain. In complying with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Professional Conduct (2010) about confidentiality, I will be using a false name for her. It was hand over to the day staff that English is not her first language; hence, Mrs. C cannot speak and comprehend well. When I went to her bedside to take her vital signs, I asked if she has any pain at the moment, she nodded her head and touched her back (White, 2005). I have seen the grimace caused of pain on her back. I reported to the nurse right away that Mrs. C is in pain, and she is due for another dose of pain killer based on her Drug Chart; as a result, Mrs. C has taken the said medication. I informed Mrs. C with the use of verbal and non-verbal gestures that she will undergo Colonoscopy to check whats causing her pain (Sully and Dallas, 2010). We waited for her nephew before accompanying them in the Gastroenterology Department as she needs somebody to translate the conversation on her behalf. Since it was my first time to watch a patient doing the procedure, I grabbed the opportunity to request from the Specialist Nurse if I can go inside and observe the procedure which she willingly accepted. I also asked permission from Mrs. C through her nephew; I was grateful when he told me his aunt wanted me to come with her in the colonoscopy room. During the procedure, I sat next to Mrs. C whilst holding her hand as she was feeling uneasy with the endoscope inserted into her anus. The Specialist Nurse has given me a few insights in relation to what she was trying to look inside the colon of Mrs. C. I was privileged for having an exquisite time of basic understanding about Colonoscopy (BUPA, 2011). After the procedure, Mrs. C has given me a hug and was thankful. I smiled and responded that it was my pleasure to help her. We went back to the ward, and before I leave Mrs. C on her bed with the assurance that she was comfortable and safe, her nephew expressed his appreciation for looking after his aunt whilst he was not around. Moreover, Mrs. C told him about me being there rubbing her back when she was in agony. I was overwhelmed on how they recognised my presence of comforting her for a short span of time and without much verbal communication. On the above scenario, I have achieved one of my learning needs, the effective communication between patient and me as a student nurse. Despite the inability of Mrs. C to express herself verbally, I was so sensitive observing her gestures and actions thus I can extend the appropriate care and assistance she needed. By intently looking at her countenance, I can interpret what she was trying to convey to me; henceforth I was able to address her needs. I have realised how vital is verbal and non-verbal communication in nursing. As a student nurse, I should be sensitive to the patients nonverbal message. I should not let language be a hindrance in giving the nursing intervention for the patient to recover and return in optimal health (Andrews and Boyle, 2008). Care of people is the priority of all nurses; this is one of the four principles of NMC Code (2010). The provision of care for the patient should be done in a holistic approach that includes the activities of their daily living (Ne wton, 1995). A simple act of care means a lot to the patient; consequently, I will put into practice again what I have learned from this in the future. Another learning need that I partially accomplished was being able to observe how to perform the Colonoscopy procedure. I partially achieved it because we have no time to explore the method used to find any abnormalities or inflammation from the patient; however, I did some informative readings about the procedure. To summarise what I have learned on my placement, I was able to see the nurses responsibilities. How they manage to give the best nursing interventions in a busy ward. How they collaborate to other health professionals for updating the patients care plan. I have proved to myself that most patients usually depend on nurses as they are the one who provide direct care on them (Altman, 2010). I do believe that nursing is a never ending process of learning; thereby ensuring that nurses are up to date with their trainings and education; otherwise the highest possible care for the patients will not be met. As a student, I have to be dedicated, motivated and inspired to achieve my ambitions in life (Maslow, 1954); continually accepting any challenges for my personal development. For the meantime, I will set my goals on what I want to learn; recognising any learning outcome on my learning plan as this will draw me closer to my aspiration, to be a Qualified Nurse (Peate, 2006). My two weeks pr actice experience was superlative. The Faculty of Nursing in the hospital provided teaching sessions that will develop us to be competent (McNiff, 1993). All the staff in the ward where I worked with were supportive and compassionate. I am looking forward for my next placement, for me to implement what I have learned from my previous one, and be able to identify new learning opportunities. In conclusion, practice placement is a day of experience, a day of new learning.

All Toys E Business Plan Marketing Essay

All Toys E Business Plan Marketing Essay Objective: All Toys vision is to be the Worlds Greatest Kids Brand destination on the internet, not only offering parents and families a broad selection of products but to also create a magical playtime memory along with everyday essentials, being able to provide the resources necessary to keep their kids safe and happy. The aim of this e-business plan is to help our business deal with the complex problems that we may face as we develop a response to the e-business challenge. Value Proposition All Toys is a new Web-based company that sells toys over the Internet. All Toys doesnt have toy stores, salespeople, or even a delivery system. It takes orders over the Web and then uses an established shipping company to ship products to its customers. Benefits All Toys Inc. is a leading online retailer of childrens toys and products. Even though it emphasis is toys, its aims to sell parents a wide selection of products that their kids might want or need. Their entire product lines consist of more than 50,000 stock products such as childrens books, music, as well as toys. Its extensive range of toy products consists of mass-market items such as dolls and Legos, as well as other products to specialize in different taste. Altogether, All Toys carries over 500 brands which are sold exclusively on the Internet. Its web site catalogs consist of a range of products, and customers can use the sites advanced search capabilities to find items by a variety of strategies. For instance, consumers can search All Toys for toys of a specific shape, color or brand. On a regular basis the site will be updated with a list of suggestions of Bestsellers, Favorites and most popular. Moreover, All Toys website allows shoppers to sign up and register in which they will receive a birthday reminder service. The company notifies shoppers by e-mail in advance of a childs birthday, and appends a list of gifts appropriate for that age. The site also provides a Wish List service. Children or their parents can use it to e-mail friends and family members lists of the gifts they most hope for. The site also allows children to play games and other fun activities, while parents search for tips, advice and other product ideas The benefits of a new company like All toys are that they: Sell products to consumers at the lowest price possible Its a specialty online toy store Niche items and markets It hires architects and developers acquainted with the latest software techniques. The developers feel comfortable with objects, components, and distributed systems design. They use Java latest application servers to quickly build a powerful, scalable Internet commerce application, and they design their applications for growth and change. Costs and Value As a leading online retailer, All Toys must be able to deliver whatever is best for its customers and its prospective customers. This includes providing excellent customer service, being able to deliver its products in the fastest time and allowing customers to choose and compare the prices amongst the vast selection of products that All Toys offer. All Toys as an E-business will have a competitive advantage amongst other toy companies, as the following process adds value to its business operations: Cost-effective communication and marketing strategy Because your business environment becomes a focal point of your communication, e-business gives you a vital web presence (24/7 web service) Reaching new markets across the globe The internet allow businesses to target consumers from all over the world and customers can access resources from across the globe Minimize marketing costs online advertising is not often less expensive than traditional advertising. Ordering Process Implementing an online ordering system allows you to eliminate the cost of paper work and communication costs such as telephone lines and standard calls. It also offers the possibility of integrating your sales order system with order fulfillment and delivery so customers can be up to speed on the progress of their orders at all times. Potential market Competition The explosion of the internet age has forced e-businesses to compete with the long standing structure of traditional businesses (William, 2006). Although e-business offers endless opportunities for both businesses and consumers. The one main factor that differ e-business from traditional businesses is the technology that underpins the business itself. E-business is built electronically on a network, therefore without a network its completely impossible for an e-business to survive. Local Local businesses that compete for the same pool of local customers can be quite threatening to online businesses such as All Toys. Unlike traditional business who can gain trust from its prospective customers through a straight, personal contact, the web eliminates the customers privileges to experience such personal contact with both the products and organization they want to buy the products from. In traditional business, customers come to a store and have personal interaction with the organization through its sales person and then, possibly, have personal contact with the product. These types of experience somehow develop trust towards the organization and are very important for certain types of product. For example, Customers who buys toy products at their local toy store will have a better impression of the store through the interaction and communication they have with the salesperson. As a result they gain a better understanding of the store itself and the people within it. However, through an e-business store, customers are dealing with a web interface that shows nothing else but a website within a screen. Thereby, it is more difficult to determine the reliability and assurance of the website. Also, when a product is faulty, with a traditional business, customers are able to exchange the product immediately during business hours. However, it is much more difficult to do this through the web, due to procedures and other measures that needs to be done. This could take up to several days or weeks after the complaint. Nevertheless, All Toys has an advantage in that they target to a specific niche or segment of the market, which in this case are children and their parents. Traditional businesses have a disadvantage against e-businesses in that they are forced to choose a location in which they believe to attract their customer base; however it is much more difficult given the degree of adaptability in which a physical store has. For instance, when you have a physical store, there is not a lot of room for error. You can only customize your store, marketing, and product to a small extent. With an e-business, you can do massive customization, and change how and what you market, depending on your business performance (William, 2006). Moreover, the most significant difference is that e-businesses cost very little upfront when compared to traditional businesses. Starting a business on the Internet does not have the burden of a physical storefront and any expenses that accompany it. The vast majority of e-businesses are much easier to use for the customer, most sales and purchases can be done from the comfort of home. Global As competition increase in the global market, customers have a wide range of products to choose from and compare. One of All Toys major competitors are Amazon.com, Ebay.com and the traditional businesses. These firms provide a similar service with a wide range of products ranging from books, toys to music. However, All Toys differentiate itself in that it promises its customers this We bring the toy store to you, hoping to emphasize the convenience of at-home shopping versus the crowded scramble at the mall. William, S. (2006). Traditional Business vs. E-Business. Retrieved 27th April 2011 from http://www.ehow.com/facts_5903880_traditional-business-vs_-e_business.html

Anorexia and Bulimia Essay -- Causes of Bulimia, Eating Disorders

Anorexia and Bulimia: A Concise Overview As many as 20% of females in their teenage and young adult years suffer from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (Alexander-Mott, 4). Males are also afflicted by these eating disorders, but at a much lower rate, with a female to male ratio of six to one. Those with anorexia nervosa refuse to maintain a normal body weight by not eating and have an intense fear of gaining weight. People with bulimia nervosa go through periods of binge eating and then purging (vomiting), or sometimes not purging but instead refraining from eating at all for days. Both of these disorders wreak havoc on a person's body and mental state, forcing them to become emaciated and often depressed. There is no known exact cause of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, but many factors play a role in the initial onset, such as: personality traits, low self-esteem, and social and cultural influences (Costin, 21). Many anorexics have specific personality traits that urge them to refrain from eating. Many are perfectionists that will diet and exercise and not eat until their bodies are perfect. Unfortunately, however, he or she never thinks their body is perfect, and continues their destructive cycle. Anorexics that are perfectionists also tend to want to be in control at all times. Often , they feel as though others are trying to force them to do Breaux 2 things, and so, take complete control of their bodies. Marcia, an anorexic, wrote in her diary "I am in control; people are just jealous because I have will power" (D., 6). Another factor is low self-esteem. One anorexic said of her low self-esteem, "My goal in life was to please; like a chameleon, I'd change to suit whomever I was with. I always felt I was in the way†¦" (D., 1). Anorexics with low self-esteem often feel they are worthless and do not deserve to eat. Not only do they not eat, but they constantly berate themselves with insults. They hate their bodies, and cannot realize their true appearance, instead seeing a distorted image. When she weighed a mere 98 pounds, Marcia told herself, "You are a pig. You are disgusting. You must suffer" (D., 5). Bulimics also suffer from low self-esteem and feel ashamed of their behavior. Feeling guilty after eating is a co... ...orted self-image, low self-esteem, and a need for control. "Eating disorders are not about food or weight but about a disordered 'sense of self' looking for approval and finding it, however Breaux 5 temporarily, in the pursuit of thinness or the comfort of food" (Costin, 48). Treatment is an option for anorexics and bulimics, though it can take years, and sometimes it never succeeds. Hopefully, though, friends and loved ones of anorexics and bulimics will see the warning signs and seek help for them. Bibliography Alexander-Mott, LeeAnn. Understanding Eating Disorders. Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1994. Costin, Carolyn. The Eating Disorder Sourcebook. Los Angeles, CA: Lowell House, 1996. K.D.K. "My Story." Online. March 3, 2000 <http://www.dana.ucc.nau.edu/ ~kdk2/mystory.html> D., Marcia. "My Story." Online. March 3, 2000 <http://www.members. Tripod.com/~MarciaD/index.html> Thayne, Becky. Hope and Recovery. New York, New York: Emma Lou Thayne, 1992.

America Must Increase the Minimum Wage :: Increase Minimum Wage Essays

"Things like child care and sick leave and equal pay. Things like lower mortgage premiums and a higher minimum wage. These ideas will make a meaningful difference in the lives of millions of families. That is a fact. And that's what all of us — Republicans and Democrats alike — were sent to Washington to do..." -- President Obama, State of the Union address In the United States Minimum Wage is approaching record lows. Even with recent increases inflation is one of the main reasons that workers are being paid less for labor than they were back in the Seventies. There are about 3 million workers in the United States that worked full time year round last year and still fell below the National poverty level. If everyone earns exactly the same amount of money, then the income distribution would be perfectly equal. If no one earns any money except for one person, who earns all of the money, then the income distribution would be perfectly unequal. In a normal society Income Distribution is usually somewhere in the middle of perfectly equal or unequal. When a small number of people start receiving a large portion of the income in a society, the government tries to find ways to redistribute income. Governments try to stop the rich from getting richer, and the poor from getting poorer in order to achieve a good balance in income distribut ion. Minimum wage laws are a way that the federal and state governments balance income distribution. Minimum Wage is considered a price floor. Minimum wage laws determine the lowest price possible that any employer must pay for labor. In the traditional minimum wage model the quantity of supplied labor is greater then the quantity demanded. Minimum wage is above equilibrium price and quantity. Minimum wage prevents labor supplied and labor demanded from moving toward equilibrium price and quantity. Minimum wage levels become the floor and wages can not fall below the floor price.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first two Minimum wage graphs a study that was done in New Jersey to show the effects of a minimum wage increase in employment. One of the main arguments against increasing minimum wage is that it would cause an increase in job loss. The graphs show that there was not a huge difference in employment when New Jersey after they increased minimum wage from $4.

Evil in Shakespeares Macbeth - Lady Macbeth as a Second Eve :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Different Faces of Evil - Lady Macbeth as a Second Eve    Natural disasters in newspaper headlines, literature, video games, Hollywood movies, gapers at accidents, TV series in the afternoon - they all prove the our fascination about the evil, about death and violence. The evil in Macbeth is clearly omnipresent and an almost endless theme for different analysis. The role of Lady Macbeth is interesting on many levels of interpretation, but I shall focus on her way of being evil and her way of interacting with other characters in the play. Lady Macbeth is characterized at least as complex as her husband, although she is not the traditional tragic hero in the play. She doesn't only show the trait of being the evil but also many other, very human, traits.    The above was provided to give the student an idea of the content of the paper.   The complete paper begins below.    Bosheit ist eine Art Delirium und verwirrt den Verstand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Friedrich II von Preussen    Prà ¼fe das Innere jedes beliebigen Menschen - in jedem wirst du wenigstens einen dunklen Punkt finden, den er verhà ¼llen muss. (Bernick)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ibsen, Die Stà ¼tzen der Gesellschaft III    Natural disasters in newspaper headlines, literature, video games, Hollywood movies, gapers at accidents, TV series in the afternoon - they all prove the our fascination about the evil, about death and violence. The evil in Macbeth is clearly omnipresent and an almost endless theme for different analysis. The role of Lady Macbeth is interesting on many levels of interpretation, but I concentrate on her way of being evil and her way of interacting with other characters in the play. Lady Macbeth is characterized at least as complex as her husband, although she is not the traditional tragic hero in the play. She doesn't only show the trait of being the evil but also many other, very human, traits. Her interaction with Macbeth and the other characters passes on different levels: She plays the charming serpent, she's a perfect strategist and she's probably, before her fall, the most self-confident and straight person in the play. And, she succeeds in achieving even more influence on her husband than the witches. Therefore it is worth to deal with   an analysis of her conduct, which will show that she has many faces - though all of them are a sign of her evocation of the evil and, make her to a second Eve in the fall of men.

Choosing your theorist and theory

Much research and thought has been put into our school's programs to meet the needs of many diverse learners. Throughout time, theorists have developed any theories that we, as educators, continue to use to this day. Thanks to their contributions, we have been provided with the best educational tools to cultivate young minds today. Every educator has their own opinion as to what theory they think is best. After reading various theories, there is one in particular that I truly believe to be the most beneficial which is The Behaviorism Theory. Behaviorism theory, also now as behavioral psychology Is a theory of learning based upon the Idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning† (Cherry, 2011 B. F Skinner and John B. Watson are the two creators of the behaviorism theory. They stated that development included learned behaviors. These learned behaviors are based on positive and negative experiences within their everyday environments. Every action has a consequence. I think that's a way to look at the way children learn over time.For example; when I was teaching at a different Children's Center, here was a little girl who would cry nonstop till I or someone else picked her up. We believed that at her house, the minute she cried, someone would be there instantly to pick her up. She never learned how to self soothe and knew that crying would get her the attention she wanted. She learned this behavior at home and brought it to school with her, thinking it would also work there. She had never been taught that crying wasn't a way to get what you want. It was our responsibility at school to break that habit.Instead, I would say directly to her, kneeling down to be on her level, â€Å"I will elk to you when you use your words and big girl evolve to tell me what you want†. Over time, she learned that crying wasn't getting her the attention she wanted. She decided to take the approach I offered her instead. This ultimately worked out the best for e veryone involved, her parents included. It was a learned behavior. This is what B. F Skinner defined as Operant Conditioning; which is â€Å"The behavior is followed by a consequence and the nature of the consequences modifies the organisms' tendency to repeat the behavior In the future† (Before, 2000).Operant conditioning can also be used for a positive behavior as well. There was a little boy I recently anatine for, his parents were ready to begin potty training him and they weren't sure how to go about it. After they thought it over, they decided to go about it with a rewards approach. If the little boy sat on the potty for 3 minutes, he'd receive a piece of candy. After a few attempts at sitting on the potty, he caught on. Sit on the potty, get a piece of candy. Then, the trick was to get him to actually go while sitting. When he affably went, Mom was clapping and praising him.He was so happy! She continued praising helm every time he went and he Is now fully potty traine d. Positive reinforcement was key in this situation. This is what's known as â€Å"Continuous Reinforcement†. I truly believe in being a constructive, firm, respectful and motivating educator. Providing a child with an environment full of positive reinforcements and consequences encourages the children to continuously strive to do their best. It children listened really well during circle time, they'll get extra time on the laggardly that afternoon.I believe that children learn in their own ways and grow at different rates. I believe that providing a hands on approach to learning is key in a child's development. There are 5 developmental domains that we as educators really focus on. These domains are physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social development. These different domains can be easily remembered as PILES. There are many ways to help children develop in each of these domains. For example, having age appropriate toys ND activities readily available can help their intellectual and physical domains.I feel that it's important to provide a stimulating environment for children to grow and develop emotionally, socially, and intellectually. Our classroom gives you child the opportunity to learn on many different levels. We provide age appropriate books, crayons, paper, and art activities to help create your child's language development. We encourage the children in our class to work together as a team and form friendships among their peers. By doing this, we are helping develop their social and motional skills.We have full access to our playground as well as our multi-purpose room for all our physical activities. We take advantage of our playground and being outside on a daily basis to keep our kids active and healthy! My classroom is a place where children can laugh and learn throughout the entire day. I feel that applying the theories many educators have set forth helps us provide the best education possible for today's youth. Children are our future and it is our responsibility to help them become the best person they can be.