Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity Essay Example

Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity Paper How do the different pH buffers affect activity of potato enzyme/extract? Introduction: Proteins are polymers that are made up of smaller units/monomers called amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids, thus make up many different combinations in types, numbers of amino acids as well as their orders an explanantion for why there are so many proteins. Every protein, due to various reactions of amino acids to each other, have its own three dimensional structures and therefore, function (Reece JB and others 2011). Proteins are fundamental substance that perform various range of metabolism in the organisms body such as fghting pathogens, sending signals, catalyzes reactions, storing substance, or acting as building blocks of body parts (Reece JB and other 2011). Proteins are grouped into four structures includin primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary. Primary structure of protein is composed of a single chain of amino acid without any foldings (The Medical Biochemistry Page, 2013). However, most proteins are active under secondary, tertiary, or quarternary structures. These strucures involve foldings due to he attachment between amino acids including hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and Van de Waals force (The Medical Biochemistry Page, 2013). Proteins could be denatured due to the effects of temperature or PH. A decrease in pH level causes the environment surrounding to have a more positive charge while an increase in pH level causes the surroundings to have a more negative charge. (Aune, Salahuddin, Zalengo and Tanford 1967). Enzyme is a type of proteins that, by decreasing the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction, can therefore gives a start to that chemical reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Either atabolic or anabolic reactions need an enzyme to occur (Reece JB and others 2011). Every enzyme has an active site (Reece JB and others 2011). Enzymes metabolism occurs as enzyme binds to a substrate, which is specific to its enzymes structure and function, to form an enzyme2 subtrate complex (The Medical Biochemistry Page, 2013). As an enzyme binds to its substrate, the enzyme slight changes shape. (Reece JB and others 2011) Enzymes are denatured due to changes in temperature and pH as other types of proteins are. A slight change in pH away from the proteins optimal pH level can cause huge loss to he activitiy of an enzyme. In a strong basic or acidic pH solution, enzymes are denatured quickly and lose their functions. For most proteins, the optimal pH is around 7. 2 and 7. 4 (University Leipzeig, 2013). In this experiment, the enzyme activity (which is included in the potato extract) is measured in DOPA of pH 6. 8 and of pH 5. 0. If enzyme activity is measured in environment of DOPA pH 6. 8 and DOPA pH 5. 0, enzyme activity will be higher in DOPA environment that the enzymes are introduced in are shifted away from its optimal pH, causing denaturation and lowering enzyme activity, resulting in lower enzyme ctivity comaring to DOPA pH 6. . Materials and Methods: Gloves and goggles were always on over the course of this lab. Potato extract and four 15mL conical tubes were obtained. One was labeled phosphate buffer and 5mL of 0. 1M phosphate buffer was added in. Another one was labeled dH20 and add 5mL of distilled water. Another conical tube was labeled DOPA 5. 0 and add 3mL of DOPA pH 5. 0. The last one was labeled DOPA 6. 8 and add 3mL of pH 6. 8. Everything was kept on ice until needed. Spectrometer was calibrated followed inspectors instruction. Then 4 cuvettes were obtained. For the first cuvette, 2mL of DOPA 6. and 100pL of enzyme were added (enzymes should always be put last into the cuvettes). This cuvette was then placed in the spectrometer and spectrometer was used to measure enzyme activity. When absorbance data reached 200s in spectrometer, this cuvette was removed. The second cuvette had 2mL of 3 distilled water and 100pL of enzyme added in it and was placed into the spectrometer to measure enzyme activity until it reaches 200s. 2mL of distilled water and 100pL of DOPA 6. 8 was added into the third cuvette. It was then placed in the pectrometer to get measures for enzyme activity. th cuvette had 2mL of DOPA 5. 0 and 100pL of enzyme added in it and was placed into spectrometer to get measurements as for the first three cuvettes. When the experiment is finished, the waste was disposed properly. Results: Through the course of this experiment, the effects of different pH levels on enzyme activity. was examined. It was found that enzyme activity under DOPA of pH 6. 8 was higher than enzyme activity in DOPA of pH 5. 0. The percent change of Dopachrome formed for 50s of the experiment was calculated along with the overall percentage hange of Dopachrome formed (Figure 1). These calculated results were greater for enzyme activity in pH 6. 8 than Percent change of Dopachrome formed (%) that in pH 5. 0. 73. 7 80. 0 70. 0 60. 0 50. 0 40. 0 19. 7 20. 9 20. 0 5. 9 10. 0 0. 0 PH 6. 8 PH 5. 0 PH of DOPA 50S -100S 100S 1 50S -200S 50s-200s (Total change) The Effects of Different pH on Enzyme Activity Figure 1: The Effects of Different pH on Enzyme Activity 4 Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of different pH of DOPA on activity of enzymes. Percentage change of Dopachrome formed was calculated. The hypothesis for this experiment was stated that the enzyme activity would be higher in DOPA pH 6. 8 than that in DOPA pH 5. 0. This hypothesis was supported. Percent enzyme in DOPA pH 5. 0, meaning that the enzymes in pH 6. 8 work better than those in pH 5. 0. This likely happens due to the effect of enzyme denaturation. Since most enzymes have optimal pH of 7. 2 to 7. 4 (University Leipzeig, 2013), enzymes are denatured in pH 5. 0 because the environment pH was away from its optimal pH for activity. A decrease in pH level causes a more postive charge to the environment Aune, Salahuddin, Zalengo and Tanford 1967), causing the solution to be too acidic for this enzyme that causes the enzyme to lose its shape, leading to inability to function (Reece JB and others 2011) Several random sources of errors and inconsistences could have involved throughout the experiment including inappropriate storage conditions for enzymes and DOPA, errors in conditioning pH of DOPA, uncertainty of solution conditions such as temperature or light, or unreactive enzyme. Systematic error that could have existed was bits of solution remains in transfer pipet and couldnt be fully tested. Future experiments could be conducted to investigate closely on changing the type of enzyme using or the amount of enzyme added or DOPA added could also be changed. Changing pH level to pH 8, pH 10 or changing temperature could also be extensions for future experiment. However, for any experiment that would be conducted, there is a simple rule which follows: moving away from optimal condition for an enzyme decreases that enzymes activity. Literary Cited Aune KI, Salahuddin AH, Zalengo MA, Tanford CH. 1967. Evidence for Residual Structure in Acid- and Heat- denatured Proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 242 (10): 4486 4489. Reece JB, Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Minorsky PV, Jackson RB. 2011. Campbell Biology, 9th edition. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 1263p. The Medical Biochemistry Page [Internet]. Updated July 21, 2013. Michael W King. [Updated July 21, 2013; cited October 28, 2013]. http://themedicalbiochemistrypage. org/protein-structure. php Universitat Leipzeig [Internet]. Updated 2013. Dr. Thole Zuchner. [Updated 2013; Cited October 22, 2013]. Avaiable from http://www. uni-leipzig. de/uspdu/docs/Protein%20guide_Storage_Working. pdf 6

Marketing Mix of Ecstasy Essay Example

Marketing Mix of Ecstasy Essay Example Marketing Mix of Ecstasy Paper Marketing Mix of Ecstasy Paper INTRODUCTION This is a report about the marketing 7ps issues of one of the leading fashion houses of Bangladesh, Ecstasy Fashion. This company is very famous for its superb quality men’s wear. Quality is the first priority of Ecstasy Fashion. From the begging to the end of this report, we have sort out how a company can be successful by performing 7ps marketing activity from the very beginning. HISTORY OF CATS EYE Ecstasy Fashion Accessories, Inc. started its operations in 1983, exporting fashion jewellery and accessories. With a solid background of 20 years in the field of fashion jewellery manufacturing, the company with 50 employees and 82 subcontractors is looking forward to a steady growth; especially in the European markets. Well the small company Ecstasy Fashion started its business with one outlet only. Now they have around thirty one branches in the major cities of Bangladesh such as Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Khulna etc. In this way the journey of Ecstasy Fashion started and now they are one of the highly appreciable, profitable RMG Company of Bangladesh. Ecstasy Fashion is very conscious about its reputation status thus we can see the reflection of status in its highly interior showrooms with highly trained salespeople. Their focus is to satisfy their customer and their target market actually covers different age groups especially from teen age to onwards. MISSION VISION OF ECSTASY FASHION The mission statement of Ecstasy Fashion is â€Å"To be the most popular and trusted Men’s wear Brand manufacturer and retailer of the country. † Goals and Objectives of Ecstasy Fashion are: From the inception the goal is to create a style statement that suits the discerning individual, while keeping a stringent eye on quality yet being affordable. The unique styles are created based on years of experience and keeping up with global trends that have placed our brands as the leaders in the market. Moreover we want internationally recognition. That’s why we are working hard to meet the quality standard of the international market. We are focused on high productivity, team orientation creativity. MARKETING MIX OF Ecstasy Fashion Marketing mix is the full combination of 7P’s (Product, Place, Price, Promotion, People, Process, Physical environment). Ecstasy Fashion does all the activities (manufacturing, sales, and distribution) by themselves. Here is the marketing mix of Ecstasy Fashion: 1. Product In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need. In retailing, products are called merchandise. Ecstasy Fashion produces different types of products for men. They have their own production house in Narayanganj. They have no distributor or retailer. They don’t sell in wholesale. What they do is that after production, directly by their own transportation vehicle they send their products to their showrooms. Because of no supply chain, they can keep their products price reasonable. Another important thing is that they don’t store inventory. Ecstasy Fashion purchases their product material from China, Malaysia Bangkok mostly. They also use Bangladeshi materials for production. Product Categories: ? Shirts ? T-Shirts ? Blazers ? Polo T-Shirts ? Belts ? Trousers ? Ties ? Jeans ? Seasonal Dresses (Winter Collection, Summer Collection etc. ) 2. Price The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in barter; cost. It is the motto of Ecstasy Fashion to increase its market growth as possible while protecting the captured market share. Ecstasy Fashion believes that customer loyalty is needed to remain profitable. Ecstasy Fashion sets their price considering their mark-up price, perceived value price by the customers competition based price. They always charge effective pricing to beat their competitors. They have different price level to meet the need of different income people. Price ranges: |Shirts |550-1400 TK. |Trousers |850-1400 TK | |Blazers |4000-6500 TK | |Belts |450-1000 TK | |Ties |400-950 TK | |T-Shirts |250-800 TK | |Jeans |850-1500 TK | |Seasonal Dresses |Not Fixed | 3. Place Any portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all other space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position; ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space. Ecstasy Fashion has Thirty one outlets n Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet to sell their products. They are planning to establish more ou tlets so that customers can easily buy their products from convenient location. 4. Promotion Promotion is communicating with the public in an attempt to influence them toward buying your products and/or services. Ecstasy Fashion does its promotional activity by using billboards, magazines and newspapers to reveal their ads. Especially this year they are arranging special discounts for their customers and own composed CD’s for their customer’s conveniences so that customers can know in details about their organization. They believe discount is an effective method to create customer interest. Other promotional activities they perform are sponsoring fashion shows, free t-shirt campaign etc. 5. People Ecstasy Fashion using good and well stuff. They are providing good salary and taking well skill stuff for good service. They also trained them to how to interact with customer? Ecstasy has sixty seven employees in showroom and behind the showroom fifty people like transportation etc. 6. Process In Ecstasy there process is well then others. Ecstasy process system fast like when customer in showroom they are always ready to provide the service quickly. When customer needs to change the size they collect from stock. Everything is in display. Sold cloths not refund. Trail room here checks the cloth for customer. 7. Physical Environment Where is the service being delivered? Showroom is well decorated in Ecstasy Fashion. Here customer can get cloths and other using product easily. They always using well smell spray in there showroom for attracting the customer. They have also changing room well. Recommendations 1. Ecstasy has good quality in there cloths but here is little higher price then others. It may be the burden for their potential or actual customer. So they should profit there margin and not in quality and also think about their higher price 2. They open showroom now in three divisions. They should cover others divisions. 3. Ecstasy complaining system is not good. Sometime there product may be failed in provide customer satisfaction. They should think about it. 4. Ecstasy provides all the new collection news in internet. That’s why few people miss the collection. They should use newspaper and billboard for giving more information about there collection. Conclusion In report we focused the 7ps marketing of Ecstasy Fashion ltd. This report is only based on marketing mixed. All data Collected from Internet and that are very recent. The study group tried our best to complete this report. BIBLIOGRAPHY www. ecstacyfashion. com www. lifestyle. com [pic]

Stem Cell and Embryos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stem Cell and Embryos - Essay Example It is therefore a thing of value because it involves the very existence of a person, in fact, the vital stage in the beginning of life. Genetic diversity is a very important concern in cloning (Bonnicksen 169). If cloning babies were safe, then those who have superior genetic modification will most likely prevail in some circumstances. For example, this is depicted in the movie Gattaca, where there was a distinction between valid and invalid person. Those valid have higher value in the society because of their advanced genetic make up. Cloning babies therefore is a special concern because it brings with it social, political and economic issues, which at the moment are vital matters linked with inequality. For example, cloning is expensive so not all will benefit from it, only the powerful few. Curing genetic diseases is a vital promise of stem cell research. In this case, the government should promote it and further encourage more experimentation. However, since stem cell research substantially includes genetic concerns, the government should ensure important guidelines and even regulation for this

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example he corporate managers have grossly increased to unprecedented levels where their decisions might have had a greater impact on the larger good of the stakeholders i.e. Shareholders, general public, government etc. In the heat of competition the managers of these organizations take decisions which may not be in favor of internal as well as external customers of these organizations. This has therefore necessitated the more proactive role of the board of the directors of organizations in promoting good governance specially their role in ensuring the effectiveness of the internal controls of the organization is stressed upon a lot. An effective internal audit function can play an important role in helping Board of directors to discharge their responsibility of ensuring effective control. However before discharging this responsibility, an internal audit function within the organization need to be objective and proactive in nature with a mandate to conduct independent reviews and with the n ecessary organizational flexibility to report their findings to the highest authority within the organization so that not only independence is maintained but also the results are communicated to the platform where they can be executed and explored without any internal compromises and with an aim of safeguarding the interests of the shareholders by adding value to their investments. Corporate governance has succeeded in attracting a good deal of public interest because of its apparent importance for the economic health of corporations and society in general. However, the concept of corporate governance is poorly defined because it potentially covers a large number of distinct economic phenomenon. As a result different people have come up with different definitions that basically reflect their special interest in the field. It is also believed that if the firm is nothing more than a legal fiction than its values must be driven by its stakeholders thus the companies values emerge as a

Respond question about reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Respond question about reading - Essay Example e texts make that establish a comparison or relationship between Alexie and Superman, and thirdly, why Alexie uses superman and not some other fictional character, in the readings, â€Å"The Joy Of Reading And Writing: Superman And Me†. Superman, a superhero character in comic fiction books, at times, faces dangerous situations, but in the end of the episode, he usually saves the world and he survives. Similarly, Alexie faced a dangerous when he was born hydrocephalic, which forced him to go through a brain surgery when he was only 6 months old. The likeness in the two is based on the fact that, they are faced with a dangerous situation, but ultimately they thrive and overcome the dangerous situation (McQuade & Atwan 27). Furthermore, as Superman grows to be older, his prowess is shown by how he wins various feats involving villains. Similarly, as Alexie, from an inferior Spokane Indian background grows up, his prowess starts to show when he moves from the reservation school and enrolls in a high school. In particular, Alexie’s prowess is seen firstly, when he becomes a star player in his high school basketball team. Secondly, he gets a scholarship to attend Gonzaga University in Spokane. Thirdly, â€Å"after graduation he receives the Washington State Arts Commission poetry Fellowship and a National Endowment for the Arts poetry Fellowship. Fourthly, he receives a PEN/Hemingway Award for â€Å"Best First Book of Fiction† because of writing a collection of short stories. Fifthly, Alexie’s prowess that make him similar to Superman, continue to be seen, when Granta puts his name as part of â€Å"Best of Young American Novelist†, and his books win different awards such as th e Christopher Award, National Book award for Young people’s Literature and PEN/Faulker Award for Fiction (McQuade & Atwan 28). The major connections in the text that establish a comparison or relationship between Alexie and Superman are the struggles that Alexie and Superman had to go through in

Effect of Video Games on Brain Functions

Effect of Video Games on Brain Functions The Immersion of the Human Mind  In Video Games Stefan Nikolov Contents (Jump to) Abstract Literature Review Current Perceptions Abstract This research paper was created with the intention of taking the reader on a guided journey towards understanding how the human mind functions within the virtual world of video games. It explores the interaction between the senses of the nervous system and the game’s artificial reality and attempts to establish a connection between an individual’s brain capabilities and the demanding requirements of a game’s level environment and attempt to find a balanced relationship between the two. The paper is based around a research, conducted in order to come up with approximate statistics about how the game’s world triggers brain sensors and how and how much the human consciousness responds according to the information input it receives. A racing track, named the â€Å"Blackstone International Circuit† was created as a supporting piece of level design work. With the help of an external controller, a steering wheel with resistance and force feedback, fellow students, who took part in the research, were required to compete three laps around the circuit. The track was also released on several online websites and that made possible the involvement of other anonymous individuals. After they had their turn, they were asked to complete a track questionnaire with questions related to their experience. The data of the questionnaire was later collected and analysed in order to establish a statistics database of how the separate senses take part when the human mind is engaged. The results revealed that the brain’s involvement was maximised and participants felt fully immersed within the game environment. That allowed the collection of subconscious activity that was categorised to determine the type of game presence they had – tactical, strategic or narrative. Findings also helped support the claim that a person with a strong co-ordination and reflex abilities, which are the main part of having a tactical game presence, would be called a â€Å"good gamer†. The majority of participants in the survey belonged to the group of players that have tactical presence and had a very similar approach. Throughout this paper, objective analysis and criticism, as well as self-assessment and reliable sources were the foundation for building a valid and evident piece of academic writing. The paper concludes with suggested criteria for analysing the mind’s activity when playing a video game and getting clearly distinguished results about the type of people that play video games in today’s world. Literature Review At the beginning of each life experience, there is the perception of it. It is the initial start of the human mind’s interaction with the surrounding environment and ultimately serves as the foundation, on which events occur and build up. In the Oxford dictionary, the definition for the word â€Å"perception† is â€Å"the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.† The environment of reality is consisted of an infinite number of information flows, which inevitably and constantly interact with the mind. If the â€Å"filter† of perception did not exist, there would be an extreme mental overload, as the amount of streaming actions would be too big to comprehend. Blake and Sekuler (2006) state that â€Å"what is crucial is that perception provide us with a useful view of the world†, rather than detailed and accurate one; â€Å"where useful means being able to interact safely and effectively within our environment.† Perception acts like an information distributer to the mind, allowing only relevant data to reach the brain, while the unnecessary parts of the occurring event may even not make their way through. The two authors also explain that â€Å"stimulation comes in various forms of physical energy: thermal, mechanical, chemical, acoustic and electromagnetic.† As a consequence, the human brain’s ability to accept and process information is applied through the five senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Working together, they create a complete image of the surrounding environment, enabling us to co-ordinate and interact with at a level of full immersion. The word â€Å"immersion† originally meant â€Å"to submerge someone or something in a liquid.†, however, since the invention of video games and entertainment media in general, the meaning has evolved significantly, as far as it affects the human mind. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"immersion†, in relation to a video game, can also mean â€Å"a perception of being physically present in a non-physical world.† The immersion in the video game world can be split into three different types – tactical, strategic and narrative (Adams, 2005). The first two are easy to achieve, as they require problem solving; tactical is the type that requires skill and repetition of actions on the way to success; Strategic immersion involves calculation and prediction to overcome obstacles. However, narrative immersion is hard to accomplish, as a lot of elements must work together – story, characters, setting, acting, presentation, to compile everything together in a successful emotional state. Rigby and Ryan (2010, p.84) explain how Authenticity is a key factor to the believability of an experience. It is what provides ground for the extra step towards immersion, as people usually choose to keep their distance from things that they consider fake. Authenticity makes a product trustworthy and reliable, and helps the individual achieve the desired blending of the real (factual) and the imaginary (mental) world. According to the authors, each person has an individual set of requirements, called â€Å"schema†, which is applied to every experience in order to compare it to previous ones and determine if it can be classified as â€Å"authentic†. According to Madigan (2010), it is spatial presence that comes closest to what game players perceive as immersion. It is considered to exist when the elements of a game world are accepted as â€Å"real†, allowing one to submerge fully into a product of the imagination and feel like they are as much present in the scene, as they would be in reality. The process takes place over two defined stages. At the First stage, a player is accepting the surrounding world, composed of a variety of objects, sounds and events, which help create a saturated mental model of the game’s virtual universe. The Second stage is engaging the mind on a subconscious level, where it feels part of a flawless reality and is fully immersed within the experience. It has the imagination filling in the imperfections of a certain part of a game level, for example, which were imposed by the limitations of the machine or the level of object detail. Daphne Bavelier, a cognitive research scientist, in a keynote presentation (2012) about the relationship between the human brain and playing fast-paced computer games, suggested that doing so actually improved the brain’s capabilities. According to her team’s research, people who often play action games tend to solve problems faster, perform better in multitasking and recognise and react to the surrounding environment more accurately and with greater precision than people who do not. That is due to the fact, that, when fully immersed inside the game world, the brain would have to process often times a lot more information than in a lot of real-life situations, which would essentially serve as training process and help the individual improve on problem solving. The results of that research were valid even months after it was conducted. A very important, if not crucial factor for achieving a full immersive experience, when playing a game, is Realism. McMahan (2003) splits Realism of video games into two sub-divisional types – Social and Perpetual. The first type suggests the comparison between social interactions within a game’s environment compared to the real world, but the Perpetual Realism is the level of visual resemblance of the objects in that environment to the ones in reality. Most fast-paced games in today’s world offer the possibility of complete interaction of the mind and game world, due to the fact that computer graphics and processing of game data is becoming rapidly faster with each year that passes. Game genres like any modern First-Person Shooter (FPS) game, such as Call of Duty or Battlefield, require almost the same skill set for a proper playing experience. According to Gamer Institute (2014), the top skills of a professional player are Love of the Game, Unwavering dedication, Manual dexterity, Twitch reflexes, Strong multi-tasking, Analytical ability and Emotional Control. One of the most realistic genres of games in today’s world is the Simulator. It considers factors, such as physics, lighting, shadows, shapes or events to create a world, which resembles reality as close as possible. Depending on the type of simulator, reality’s properties can be used for a variety of purposes. Some games, such as Moon Tycoon (2001) tend to focus on events that cannot occur in the current state of the world we live in. Others, such as SimCity (2013), use reality to propose a virtual representation of events in a real-time game universe. A Racing Simulator is the type of game that would make a significant difference in how the mind can deal with reality. According to SAE (2014), the delay between events in the racing simulator can even cause motion sickness in drivers; that is why it is unacceptable, as â€Å"it can reduce effectiveness of driver-in-the-loop (DIL) systems used for studying vehicle dynamics†. A game called rFactor Pro (2008) was developed to ensure the maximum of the virtual reality is extracted and a life-like experience is delivered to the drivers in order to get them fully engaged and prepared for a race. SAE also writes that, as of 22 Jan 2014, the game is currently the dominant software in the simulator market, used in F1 and NASCAR teams to mentally prepare drivers. RFactor Pro is an upgraded version of rFactor, a racing simulator game, developed by Image Space Incorporated (ISI) and released in 2005. RFactor has a very large community and a rich and diverse database of game extensions, called otherwise â€Å"Mods† – tracks, cars, menu interface images, sounds and miscellaneous add-ons, developed almost entirely by third-party source, such as myself. The game itself has a very realistic physics engine that enables accurate simulation of life-like racing experiences – tire and engine wear, fuel consumption, wind resistance, tire grip, etc. It engages the players in a believable environment (roads and racing tracks) to get them concentrated on the objective of racing against other cars or beating a time record. According to Angel Ever (2014), safety is the biggest benefit of racing simulation. In virtual reality, there is no possibility for the risk of real-life damage and danger. This removes the â€Å"hazard† factor, while preserving all other fun factors that driving a fast car can provide. A player is not required to wear safety equipment, or have their car inspected at all times, in contrast to a racing driver. Moreover, real racing is a lot more expensive, compared to virtual one, as the cars’ integrity is reset at the beginning of each playing session. There is also the freedom to drive, regardless of the rules of the real world and experience pure fun when doing so. On the other side, a research, conducted by Continental Tyre UK (2011), suggested that people who often play driving games tend to be poorer drivers in real life. According to results, gamers are likely to take more risks, speed and be susceptible to reckless driving more often than non-gamers. Around 16% of all the participants agreed that driving games would make someone perform better in real conditions, while 40% said that virtual experiences contribute to dangerous behavior on the real roads. Current Perceptions The process of investigation is iterative and information is collected in a database for later evaluation. Since the method used in it does not change over time, that means that as the quantity of participants grows, the results’ accuracy grows as well. At the beginning of the project I already had a personal understanding of how a player interacts within the game world, based on my gaming experiences in the past. I wanted to examine the brain’s activity and how important it was for a player to have a complete image of the surrounding environment in order to extract the maximum of their performance. Several categories of interest were defined in order to achieve a guideline

Music Represents the Soundtracks of Life Essay

Music is an unavoidable ingredient in everyone’s life. Whether its music we play by personal choice or music we hear in supermarkets or a retail store. Society will hear music. What comes along is what will affect the listener. Through time music has changed to meet the needs of society. In the past music was one of mans only form of entertainment, in many households the radio would play all day. Music changes as our lifestyle and environment changes, music was simple and very plain in the past but society could not live without it, the music was plain because their life was plain. As music developed, music started to split into different forms, now called genres. People created different genres to match their needs and feelings. Each genre reached out to a certain type of person’s personality and affects that person’s way of life. People listen to a specific type of genre to match their mood, for example: when a person is sad or grumpy they tend to listen to slow or depressing songs to match their mood, examples of these genres are blues and instrumental jazz. Different genres can also change your mood, at a club or party people play upbeat and fast paced music to get the people dancing and socialising. Rock or metal, a developing genre, is a very popular genre because of its distinct sound. Rock mainly consists of bands with a mixture of instruments and one or more vocalist. Music is not only heard on radios, cd’s or on the TV, music is constantly around us. One cannot imagine life without music because society is so used to hearing it. In movies music is used for effect and drama, a movie without music does not only sound dull and boring, it feels dull and boring. The music makes you shiver at the climax of a horror movie, the music makes you cry during a romantic scene. Driving on long journeys while listening to your favourite artist makes the trip feel a lot shorter and more enjoyable. Nature is one of the only places where you can hear natural music. Imagine walking through the forest without hearing the sweet sounds of birds chirping or the sounds the bushes and trees make when the wind passes by. Music makes life more relaxing and often is our source of inspiration. Music moves our body in many ways, but most of all it moves our souls and helps people to look deep inside themselves. Music will continue to grow and will never die. Music is the soundtrack of life.

Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques

Tim Burton main style of movie is Gothic. There are many different types of cinematic techniques all used to communicate meaning and evoke different emotional reactions with the viewers. In most of his movies he is trying to evoke a gothic feeling. For example he uses sound, lighting, and different types of shots and framing. You can observe some of those techniques in his movies, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Beetle Juice, Edward Scissor Hands and more. Sound is a main cinematic technique that Tim Burton uses. There are two types of sound, dietetic and non- dietetic.Those types of sounds are used in different ways. A dietetic sound is one that could logically be heard by the characters in a film. Non-dietetic is one that cannot be heard by the characters but is designed for audience reaction only. Sound also sets the mood for a scene. For example, in Edward scissor hands, when the woman was showing him around their house for the first time a happy upbeat sound was playing to se t a happy mood. Another example is when the woman went up into Edwards house; dark sad music was playing to match the scary setting.In most films sound will match the setting or mood of the scene. However even though sound s a factor in setting the mood of a film, lighting also plays a role. Lighting Is a part of the scene. If the setting of the scene is dark and gloomy the lighting will be low key, which is when the scene Is flooded with shadows and darkness to portray suspense or suspicion. If the setting of the scene Is a bright flower garden, the lighting will mostly be High key, which meaner the scene Is flooded with light creating a bright mood.An example of Tim Burton using these would be In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; when everything and everyone was black and white unless It was a part of Wily Wonk. He used low key with everything black and white except Wily Wonk things to evoke the viewer's emotions to feel as though, If you weren't apart of Wily Wonk then you were not bright, colorful, and happy. This same technique Is used In some of his other movies. A shot Is a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts.In Tim Burtons movies, you may not notice, but he uses multiple types of shots. A few are, long shot, which Is shot from distance, shows Isolation or vulnerability of the person, and Medium shot, which Is when the camera Is medium distance away from hearted, and It Is usually used to ground the story. An example of long shot Is during the movie Beetle Juice; Beetle Juice was sitting on the grave stone alone shot from a long distance, the shot portrayed a sense of vulnerability and loneliness.Also In the movie Beetle Juice, when the family and guests dance around the table singing, It Is shot at a medium distance, which makes It a medium shot, which grounded the story. So as you can see there are many different types of cinematic techniques used to communicate meaning and evoke different emotional reactions with the viewers. Sound, lighting, and shot type are only a few; there are many other Important cinematic techniques that Tim Burton uses. You can observe more techniques and really notice which ones he uses and understand why In his movies.A couple would be Beetle Juice, Edwards Scissors Hands, Charlie and The Chocolate Factory, and many more. Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques By mapping is a factor in setting the mood of a film, lighting also plays a role. Lighting is a part of which is when the scene is flooded with shadows and darkness to portray suspense or suspicion. If the setting of the scene is a bright flower garden, the lighting will costly be High key, which meaner the scene is flooded with light creating a bright mood.An example of Tim Burton using these would be in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; when everything and everyone was black and white unless it was a part of things to evoke the viewer's emotions to feel as though, if you weren't apart of Wily Wonk then you were not bright, colorful, and happ y. This same technique is used in some of his other movies. A shot is a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts. In are, long shot, which is shot from distance, shows isolation or vulnerability of the errors, and Medium shot, which is when the camera is medium distance away from character, and it is usually used to ground the story.An example of long shot is during the movie Beetle Juice; Beetle Juice was sitting on the grave stone alone shot in the movie Beetle Juice, when the family and guests dance around the table singing, it is shot at a medium distance, which makes it a medium shot, which grounded the Sound, lighting, and shot type are only a few; there are many other important really notice which ones he uses and understand why in his movies. A couple would Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques Robbie Schwartz 3/12/13 English 1H Tim Burton uses many cinematic techniques in his movies such as lighting and camera angles throughout his movies in order to create effects and moods. Cinematic techniques He uses both lighting and camera angles in Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory numerous times. He uses them very effectively to portray different ideas such as showing strengths, weaknesses, or size in a character or setting, or revealing a depressing or cheerful surrounding.Tim Burton is a successful film maker and has inspired many to get into the movie making business due to his cinematic techniques. In many of his films, Tim Burton uses lighting successfully to show happiness or sadness. He is known for having very low key beginning credits. Low key lighting can be used to show a sad, mysterious or scary environment. For example, the beginning credits of the movies Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands are very dark cloudy scenes. They both have a solid black background and obscure objects appearing.Also, Burton used lighting perfectly in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when the lucky children who obtain the golden tickets enter the huge room where the chocolate was made. It is a bright and colorful room filled with tasty goods. High key lighting is used to create a happy, exciting, or fun atmosphere. The lighting on the kids faces as they walk in the factory was very high key because they were bright and full of joy. Burton also uses a high key effect on the town in Edward Scissorhands; it is filled with brightly painted houses with beautifully cut bushes.Also the clothes that people wear in Edward Scissorhands are very brightly colored because people would wear a single colored outfit of much color. As a result, lighting is used effectively throughout his movies to show different effects. Camera angles were very important in the films Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the movie, Ch arlie and the Chocolate Factory the scene of Willy Wonka walking in the jungle is a great example of camera angles. As the big bug zeroes in on Wonka, a low angle camera is used to show the bug is big and strong.Then, it cut to Wonka with a high angle shot showing he is helpless and small. After Wonka successfully kills the bug, it gives him a low angle shot showing he is the victor and that he is more powerful. In Edward Scissorhands, low angle shots are used many times while Edward is cutting things. For example, while Edward is constructing his first ice sculpture in Kims lawn the camera is low angle and makes him look very powerful while he sculpts the big angel. It makes him seem as if he is on top of the world and can do anything.There are also low angle shots while he cuts all of the housewives hair. There is a very effective long shot in the beginning of the movie while Peg strolls into Edwards house, when she finally gets into Edwards room there is a long shot which shows h ow big the house actually is by making Peg look very short due to the height of the ceiling. As a result, Tim Burton uses low angle, high angle, and long shots to represent strength, weakness, and to show a large scene and many things occurring at once.Tim Burton is a very skilled film maker who uses many cinematic techniques to make his movies enjoyable to watch. He efficiently uses lighting and camera angles in two of his major pieces, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He uses these two techniques very well and a handful of others that make his movies very well known and watched by many people. In conclusion, Tim Burton is able to use cinematic techniques an important part of his movies by using lighting and camera angles. Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques Robbie Schwartz 3/12/13 English 1H Tim Burton uses many cinematic techniques in his movies such as lighting and camera angles throughout his movies in order to create effects and moods. Cinematic techniques He uses both lighting and camera angles in Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory numerous times. He uses them very effectively to portray different ideas such as showing strengths, weaknesses, or size in a character or setting, or revealing a depressing or cheerful surrounding.Tim Burton is a successful film maker and has inspired many to get into the movie making business due to his cinematic techniques. In many of his films, Tim Burton uses lighting successfully to show happiness or sadness. He is known for having very low key beginning credits. Low key lighting can be used to show a sad, mysterious or scary environment. For example, the beginning credits of the movies Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands are very dark cloudy scenes. They both have a solid black background and obscure objects appearing.Also, Burton used lighting perfectly in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when the lucky children who obtain the golden tickets enter the huge room where the chocolate was made. It is a bright and colorful room filled with tasty goods. High key lighting is used to create a happy, exciting, or fun atmosphere. The lighting on the kids faces as they walk in the factory was very high key because they were bright and full of joy. Burton also uses a high key effect on the town in Edward Scissorhands; it is filled with brightly painted houses with beautifully cut bushes.Also the clothes that people wear in Edward Scissorhands are very brightly colored because people would wear a single colored outfit of much color. As a result, lighting is used effectively throughout his movies to show different effects. Camera angles were very important in the films Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the movie, Ch arlie and the Chocolate Factory the scene of Willy Wonka walking in the jungle is a great example of camera angles. As the big bug zeroes in on Wonka, a low angle camera is used to show the bug is big and strong.Then, it cut to Wonka with a high angle shot showing he is helpless and small. After Wonka successfully kills the bug, it gives him a low angle shot showing he is the victor and that he is more powerful. In Edward Scissorhands, low angle shots are used many times while Edward is cutting things. For example, while Edward is constructing his first ice sculpture in Kims lawn the camera is low angle and makes him look very powerful while he sculpts the big angel. It makes him seem as if he is on top of the world and can do anything.There are also low angle shots while he cuts all of the housewives hair. There is a very effective long shot in the beginning of the movie while Peg strolls into Edwards house, when she finally gets into Edwards room there is a long shot which shows h ow big the house actually is by making Peg look very short due to the height of the ceiling. As a result, Tim Burton uses low angle, high angle, and long shots to represent strength, weakness, and to show a large scene and many things occurring at once.Tim Burton is a very skilled film maker who uses many cinematic techniques to make his movies enjoyable to watch. He efficiently uses lighting and camera angles in two of his major pieces, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He uses these two techniques very well and a handful of others that make his movies very well known and watched by many people. In conclusion, Tim Burton is able to use cinematic techniques an important part of his movies by using lighting and camera angles.

Fashion Selling Promotion Report Essays

Fashion Selling Promotion Report Essays Fashion Selling Promotion Report Essay Fashion Selling Promotion Report Essay The adage, Better late than never has really turned out to be true for fashion industry. Fashion brands, until very recently, had clearly abstained from social media, except for sales and promotion purposes. For them, social media had always been a weakening aspect, which would create a distance between their products and the target consumers. However, the reality is quite different. Followed by the social media exposure, fashion insiders found it as a bridge that actually narrowed down the chasm. . For those in the fashion Industry, who have not yet boarded the social media ship that rides to the shore of success, heres a leaf out of the books of those, who already have and made it big: ;. Images, images and more images: Particularly for the fashion industry, visuals on social media can get you that much sought after marketing and sales boost. In fact, a cleverly chosen image can beat 1 000 tweets or a million Likes worth of the visibility in the world of social media. So go for more and more visually aided ad-campaigns, especially utilizing a slew Of visual content based social media platforms such as Pinsetters, Mainstream and Tumble. A bonus: According to Subtropical, 74% of consumers rely on social media to make any purchase decisions. Different customer, different products: Every social media platform differentiates itself in terms of the segment of he users. So one must use discretion and keep in mind the kind of user segment on one of each of these social media platforms to showcase their products or advertise on the concerned channels. For instance, Twitter is full of tech-users while Backbone is for everyone, so your odds of effectively publicizing tech-gadgetry on Twitter are better than that on Backbone. Capitalize on the customers fantasies: An effective social media sales and marketing campaign by a fashion brand doesnt only push its products or services but also tells their target audience a story, to which they are able to relate. So, understand their dreams, hand them the means to realize them and they will pay you an obscenely huge figure for it. : Make your customers your brand ambassador: In line with the latest trends of social media marketing, you can play with the idea of making your fans sell your brand. Feature your fans in your adverts and you will build a bigger fan base, star-struck with the dreams of being featured by their preferred brand. Instead Of hiring Someone already famous, make your fans the Stars of your brand and you will get all of the desired visibility and sales figures crunching. ;. Keep a track of the social media trends: Everyone worships the rising sun. Choose the social media platforms you want to paint in your colors wisely. The industry is extremely volatile and what today might be the most happening place to be on the Internet; may not be anywhere close to popular tomorrow. Whatever it is, you surely want to cash in on the huge influx of users who appear on it overnight, as the word spreads. So watch the popularity trends closely.

Civil Rights vs. Anti-Apartheid essays

Civil Rights vs. Anti-Apartheid essays One definition of equality states that it is an agreement in value, rank, properties, and rights. As simple as this concept might seem to those who have grown up in a world where equality is a standard of living, it has not always been that easy for certain races, mainly Africans. Dating back as far as four hundred years ago when blacks came to America as slaves, this race has endured an ongoing struggle for freedom in a white man's world. The motivation for this race to fight back first came in America during the late eighteen hundred's when the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were added to the Constitution during the Reconstruction Era. These Amendments were the first sign of hope that African Americans would receive justice and be recognized as a legitimate and equal race. Africans not only endured struggles in America, ironically, they faced the same issues in their native country, South Africa. White supremacy and segregation had been accepted in South Af rica prior to 1948, but apartheid was officially added to the South African government after the Afrikaner Nationalist party took office. The purpose of apartheid was to separate all races from each other. This government stated that the "whites, as the civilized race, were entitled to have absolute control over the state." Africans in both of these counties fought back against all odds to gain the respect that they deserved through both the Civil Rights Movement and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. ...

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Marketing - Essay Example Earlier, such marketing initiatives were taken by local sales people but from Dec. 08 onwards, the company examined the viability of these campaigns by hosting events and advertising its value offer working in partnership with www.BillShrink.com, a free service that tells consumers how much they would be saving, as it shared the knowledge with prospective customers of T-Mobile that they would be saving $24 a month over a time period of two years if they change to T-Mobile. Promotions were organized in many markets including Los Angeles and San Francisco to get familiarize with BillShrink as a value tool for customers and get acquainted with sales people. It helped the company in attending to the customer needs where it has been providing distribution services, namely Chicago, Dallas, Philadelphia and San Francisco. On-site promotions were also offered to customers through â€Å"Mobile Makeovers† offering to win the maximum from using the BillShrink service (Chipps 1). Works Ci ted Chipps, William. â€Å"T-Mobile Sees Success.† Weblog entry. IEG’s Sponsorship Blogs. 25 November 2009.

Finance - Audit and Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Finance - Audit and Assurance - Essay Example Thus, this difference in the interest of the auditors and the clients makes it tough for the auditors to remain ethical while dealing with the clients (Rennie & et. al., 2006). Accountancy and auditing have been referred as complicated as well as practical procedures. In comparison to these characteristics, ethics could be considered to be far less complicated. Ethics can be described to be the honest, loyal, truthful and reliable way of performing an action. It is considered to be significantly important for auditors to perform their actions and their ways of working in an ethical manner. Ethics is required to be paid attention in case of auditing for the reason of reducing risk with regard to grave illegal actions (Campbell & Houghton, 2005). Auditing is concerned with dealing with financial statements and accounts of an organisation. Therefore, this process needs adequate compliance with ethical manners or specification. This is important as this would help to keep away the audito r from getting involved into any kind of legal liabilities or earn a bad reputation (Campbell, 2004). Unethical dealing by an auditing firm named Arthur Andersen gave rise to the scandal of Enron who was one of the firm’s client. The revelation of the corruption and the deliberate fraud proved fatal for both the company, Enron as well as for Arthur Andersen. The company was compelled to declare itself to be a bankrupt and the subsistence of the ace auditing firm came to an end with the exposure of this scandal (Cunningham & Harris, 2006). Difference of Interest in the Auditing Profession It has been already mentioned earlier that corruption is considered to be a result of difference of interest between the clients and the auditors. However, it requires to be mentioned in this context that there could be various kinds of differences of interest in the profession of auditing. A proper analysis of the Enron case would assist in providing a lucid understanding of this fact. The b usiness model of Enron was stated to be quite complicated as it involved a broad range of products from trading functions, physical assets as well as going beyond the national borders. All these factors extended the boundaries of accounting. Enron took the opportunity of exploiting these accounting boundaries to the maximum in controlling its revenues along with its balance sheet so as to depict a favourable performance scenario. However, in this case two matters emerged out to be extremely problematic for the company. The company’s transactions related to trading engaged complicated contracts which involved extended time period. The form of accounting followed by the company compelled the management of the company to predict its future prices related to the energy operations along with the rates of interest. It was also found that the company depended broadly on the financial dealings that were considered to be quite controlled and engaged in developing or creating ‘sp ecial purpose entities’. These particular dealings involved sharing the possession of particular flows of cash as well as risks with lenders as well as investors from outside. The